测试异常时代:连接头骨形状的本体和鱼食适应的演变
Agnese Lanzetti1,2, Roberto Portela-Miguez2, Vincent Fernandez3
1School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Evolution & development
|June 1, 2023
概括
鱼头骨发育的变化揭示了进化路径. 不同的生长速度解释了鱼的各种食策略,将本体生殖与头骨形状演变联系起来.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 古生物学的古生物学
背景情况:
- 发育过程 (ontogeny) 对于进化变化和新特征的出现至关重要.
- 鱼 (Mysticeti) 从掠夺性祖先进化为各种过养的专家,经历了显著的头骨修饰.
- 异时性,发育时间的变化,被假设是这些养模式和骨形态变化的基础,但缺乏定量数据.
研究的目的:
- 量化评估神秘的头骨形状进化中的本体遗传学度.
- 为了重建祖先的全度轨迹,并确定驱动养专业化的异常时代过程.
- 将发育模式与现代和已灭绝的鱼的多样化的食生态和骨形态联系起来.
主要方法:
- 利用3D几何形态测量来量化骨形状在现代神秘的多样性.
- 应用了家族遗传学比较方法来重建祖先的全度轨迹.
- 在成长过程中分析了头骨大小和形状之间的关系,以推断发育过程.
主要成果:
- 神秘体的共同发育轨迹是相同的,但在本体发生的早期表现出不同的头骨形状,与养生态相关.
- 头骨大小是神秘动物之间形状差异的主要驱动因素.
- 有不同的异常过程的证据:脱脂食者表现出加速生长,Balaenopteridae表现出更慢的生长 (脚形变形),灰鱼表现出与盆地食相关的更快的生长.
结论:
- 遗传学度和异常过程显著塑造了神秘的头骨进化和养专业化.
- 重建的祖先头骨形状表明,灭绝的种类采用了不那么专业的过-养策略.
- 发育可塑性为鱼食方式的多样化奠定了基础.
相关概念视频
01:54Convergent Evolution
28.1K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
28.1K
01:22Sutures of the Skull
7.1K
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
7.1K
02:35What is Evolutionary History?
37.1K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
37.1K
02:55The Evidence for Evolution
43.1K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
43.1K
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
2.4K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
2.4K
00:48Optimal Foraging
12.2K
How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
12.2K