在气候变暖下,保护区内外的温度利基组成变化在气候变暖下发生
Leena Hintsanen1, Emma-Liina Marjakangas1, Andrea Santangeli2,3
1The Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
概括
加拿大的保护区最初支持居住在寒冷地区的鸟类. 然而,气候变暖导致保护区内的鸟类群落比外部更快地转向居住在温暖的物种,随着时间的推移,它们的保护作用会减弱.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 保护区对于生物多样性保护至关重要,但它们在气候变化下的有效性是不确定的.
- 气候变暖正在改变全球物种分布和社区组成.
- 了解保护区如何影响这些变化对于有效的保护战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估加拿大南部保护区内外鸟类群体温度的气候变化.
- 为了测试保护区是否有更多的寒流物种,并且与未受保护地区相比显示较慢的变暖趋势.
- 量化保护地位对社区温度指数变化速度的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用了加拿大繁殖鸟类调查的长期 (1997-2019) 数据.
- 每年为保护区内外的鸟群计算社区温度指数 (CTI).
- 采用线性混合效应模型来分析时间CTI变化,并采用刀方法来识别关键物种.
主要成果:
- 保护区内的鸟类群体的CTI (表明有更多的寒冷息物种) 比保护区以外的鸟类群体低.
- 与假设相反,CTI在保护区内增长的速度比保护区外更快.
- 居住在温暖的物种是保护区和未受保护区中CTI增加的主要驱动因素.
结论:
- 保护区目前为居住在寒冷的物种提供了一些避难所,但并非免受气候变暖的影响.
- 保护区内CTI的快速增长表明,它们可能只会暂时延迟气候变化带来的组成变化.
- 保护战略必须适应,以考虑到变暖的气候下物种群落的动态性.
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