认知障碍患者的职业治疗
Petra Schnell-Inderst1, Annette Conrads-Frank1, Igor Stojkov1
1Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT TIROL - University for Health Sciences and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria.
German medical science : GMS e-journal
|June 1, 2023
概括
在中枢神经系统受伤后,职业疗法可能对认知功能和日常活动有很小的益处,但证据质量较低. 需要更多的研究来确认有效性,并探索以患者为中心的护理和道德考虑.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 康复医学 康复医学 康复医学
- 卫生技术评估 卫生技术评估
背景情况:
- 中枢神经系统 (CNS) 受到中风,创伤或疾病的损害会导致成年人的身体和认知障碍.
- 职业治疗是神经疾病的常见干预措施,如中风和创伤性脑损伤 (TBI).
研究的目的:
- 评估中枢神经系统损伤后认知障碍职业治疗的临床有效性,成本效益以及患者相关,社会和伦理方面的情况.
- 为了比较职业疗法干预,并没有认知组成部分.
主要方法:
- 进行了系统审查的系统概述.
- 包括九个临床有效性系统审查,五个患者/社会方面,以及九个伦理方面的文件.
- 排除了中度至重度痴呆症患者.
主要成果:
- 低质量的证据表明,职业治疗对全球认知功能和日常生活活动的积极影响很小.
- 对于个别的认知组件或感知指标,没有发现显著的影响.
- 患者和社会方面突出了康复阶段和出院的关键作用;伦理方面揭示了患者自主权和治疗之间的紧张关系.
结论:
- 在中枢神经系统损伤后的认知障碍中,职业治疗的有效性仍然不确定,因为证据质量不佳,缺乏高质量的研究.
- 需要进一步的研究,包括精心设计的随机试验,观察性研究,健康经济分析和经验伦理研究.
- 需要对患者和社会方面进行更多研究,特别是在德语地区,以及涉及患者,亲属和治疗师的伦理考虑.
相关概念视频
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
166
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
166
01:25Cognitive Therapy
185
Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
185
01:26Modeling in Therapy
128
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
128
01:24Operant Conditioning Intervention
90
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
90
01:17Cognitivism
1.5K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
1.5K
01:29Intellectual Disability
123
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
123