过度饮食障碍中的功能障碍决策:元分析和系统审查
Emily Colton1, Kira-Elise Wilson1, Trevor T-J Chong1
1Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
|June 1, 2023
概括
过度饮食障碍 (BED) 涉及到决策阶段的认知缺陷. 在不确定性评估,注意力,选择一致性和认知灵活性方面的缺陷有助于BED,建议干预目标.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 暴饮暴食障碍 (BED) 的特点是渴望,暴饮暴食期间失去控制,以及暴饮暴食后的痛苦.
- 神经认知功能障碍与BED的发展,持续性和治疗结果有关.
- 缺乏对BED症状背后的认知过程的全面理解.
研究的目的:
- 自2013年以来,全面审查和整合BED中认知过程的研究.
- 在患有BED的个体中,在决策阶段识别特定的认知功能障碍.
- 在BED中提出一个新的决策缺陷模型.
主要方法:
- 从2013年起在PubMed,PsycInfo和Scopus.com上发表的1966篇文章的系统审查.
- 使用预先注册的PICOS标准进行研究选择.
- 从50项选定的研究中对行为认知任务结果的元分析,将BED患者与对照者进行比较.
主要成果:
- 在BED中,在所有决策阶段都发现了认知功能障碍的独特特征.
- 在不确定性评估,注意抑制,选择一致性和认知灵活性/设置转移方面观察到显著的缺陷.
- 这些发现突出了导致BED的特定认知障碍.
结论:
- 功能障碍的决策过程在BED的症状和行为中起着至关重要的作用.
- 鉴定的认知缺陷为新的治疗干预提供了潜在的目标.
- 认知干预可以帮助解决BED的显著治疗差距.
相关概念视频
01:23Binge Eating Disorders
149
Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
149
01:30Bulimia Nervosa
166
Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
166
01:28Anorexia Nervosa
155
Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
Symptoms and Physical Effects
Individuals with anorexia nervosa commonly exhibit extreme...
Symptoms and Physical Effects
Individuals with anorexia nervosa commonly exhibit extreme...
155
01:20Decision Making
153
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
153
02:45Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.4K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.4K
01:27Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
101
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
101