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与COVID-19感染相关的嗅觉和味觉丧失
Margaret B Mitchell1, Alan D Workman1, Vinay K Rathi1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
The Laryngoscope
|June 2, 2023
概括
COVID-19显著影响了美国成年人的嗅觉和味觉,许多人经历了功能障碍和不完全恢复. 减少COVID-19症状严重程度可能有助于预防长期的感官损失.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
背景情况:
- COVID-19 (冠状病毒疾病2019) 与各种症状有关,包括嗅觉和味觉功能障碍.
- 了解这些感官障碍的患病率和恢复模式对于患者护理和公共卫生至关重要.
- 以前的研究表明,嗅觉和味觉丧失是常见的症状,但需要有关长期影响和恢复的全面国家数据.
研究的目的:
- 量化COVID-19对美国成年人口嗅觉和味觉功能的影响.
- 为了确定COVID-19感染后的嗅觉和味觉障碍的发生率.
- 分析嗅觉和味觉功能障碍的恢复模式和相关因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了2021年成人国家健康访谈调查的数据.
- 提取了关于COVID-19诊断,疾病严重程度和感官障碍 (嗅觉和味觉) 的信息.
- 针对全国代表性统计数据应用了样本权重,并分析了症状严重程度和感官功能障碍/恢复之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在2021年,14%的美国成年人 (3580万) 报告了COVID-19诊断.
- 在受感染的成年人中,60.5%的受试者经历了嗅觉丧失,58.2%的受试者经历了味觉丧失.
- 72.2%的患者报告了完整的嗅觉恢复,76.8%的患者报告了味觉恢复;然而,3.7%的患者没有嗅觉恢复,2.6%的患者没有味觉恢复,症状严重程度会对恢复产生负面影响.
结论:
- 大多数感染COVID-19的美国成年人经历了嗅觉或味觉功能障碍.
- 很大一部分人报告说,嗅觉和味觉的恢复不完全或没有近期恢复.
- 研究结果支持患者咨询的必要性,并表明管理整体COVID-19症状负担可能会减轻长期的感官缺陷.
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