在美国的多种药物流行中,Kratom的出现和持久性
Kirsten Elin Smith1, Jeffrey M Rogers2, Jeffrey D Feldman1
1Real-world Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Room 01B340, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA.
Current addiction reports
|June 2, 2023
概括
克拉 (Mitragyna speciosa) 的使用正在增加,一些人使用它来替代其他药物或管理物质使用障碍 (SUD) 症状. 迫切需要更多的研究来了解其影响和潜力,因为目前的数据依赖于自我报告.
科学领域:
- 药理学和毒理学 药理学和毒理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) 的使用量有所增加,特别是在美国多种药物流行病的背景下.
- 克拉类化合物与各种受体相互作用,导致用户之间广泛的报道效应.
- 一些有多种药物使用史的个人报告使用kratom作为其他物质的替代品或自我管理物质使用障碍 (SUD) 的症状.
研究的目的:
- 审查关于使用kratom作为药物替代品的现有文献.
- 为了检查使用kratom的物质使用障碍 (SUD) 症状的非医学自我治疗.
- 突出目前数据的局限性和进一步研究的需要.
主要方法:
- 关于 kratom 消费研究的文献综述.
- 对有关kratom使用模式和动机的自我报告数据的分析.
- 识别关于 kratom 的影响和潜力的当前知识的差距.
主要成果:
- 克拉产品被记录为阿片类药物替代品,对其用于酒精或兴奋剂减肥的使用信息较少.
- 多种药物使用在一些kratom用户中很常见,但使用的时间关系和同时性往往不清楚.
- 据报道,使用kratom的动机包括替代,SUD症状的自我管理,能量增强和娱乐.
结论:
- 目前关于kratom消费的数据主要来自自我报告,这些自我报告存在重大局限性.
- 有必要对人进行受控的实验室研究,以充分了解Kratom的滥用责任和治疗潜力.
- 临床医生应该意识到SUD病史患者使用kratom的动机,增加研究资金至关重要.
相关概念视频
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
574
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
574
Stimulants
255
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
255
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids
287
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
287
An Overview of Psychoactive Drugs
264
Psychoactive drugs impact brain function, influencing perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. These substances are grouped based on their effects and the mechanisms by which they act.
Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine enhance brain activity, leading to increased alertness, attention, and energy. These drugs typically raise heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. While they can induce feelings of euphoria, their misuse can result in severe health...
Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine enhance brain activity, leading to increased alertness, attention, and energy. These drugs typically raise heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. While they can induce feelings of euphoria, their misuse can result in severe health...
264
Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact
197
Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
197
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
351
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
351


