积极风险平衡对自动驾驶发展的影响
Felix Fahrenkrog1, Ludwig Drees1, Florian Raisch1
1Concepts Integrated Safety, BMW AG, Munich, Germany.
Traffic injury prevention
|June 2, 2023
概括
本研究提出了一种实际方法,以确保自动驾驶 (AD) 系统实现"积极的风险平衡",这意味着它们至少与人类驾驶员一样安全. 该方法整合了整个AD开发生命周期的伦理考虑和风险评估.
科学领域:
- 汽车工程 汽车工程
- 道路交通安全 道路交通安全
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
背景情况:
- 自动驾驶 (AD) 系统,从SAE 3级开始,将车辆控制从人类转移到技术.
- 监管机构授权AD系统必须证明一个AD系统必须证明一个AD系统必须证明一个AD系统必须证明一个AD系统.
- 积极的风险平衡风险平衡.
- 确保他们至少和人类司机一样安全.
- 现有的指导方针缺乏关于如何实现这种平衡的实际细节.
研究的目的:
- 提出一种实用的方法来证明自动驾驶系统的积极风险平衡.
- 在整个AD开发生命周期中整合道德要求和风险评估.
- 为监管合规和公众对抗药技术的信任提供一个框架.
主要方法:
- 一个综合的方法,在所有开发阶段整合道德要求和风险评估.
- 使用PrOACT-URL框架进行风险评估过程的结构化报告.
- 采用蒙特卡洛实验和贝叶斯网络来导出和验证要求.
主要成果:
- 开发的方法概述了从概念到后期生产的AD系统中实现积极风险平衡的实际步骤.
- 验证包括模拟,测试轨道和现实世界的测试,通过交通安全模拟验证风险平衡.
- 现场观察在生产开始后的阶段用于监测安全性.
结论:
- 提出的方法为解决自动驾驶系统的积极风险平衡要求提供了一种实际方法.
- 这种方法通过确保在整个开发过程中考虑安全性来建立对人工智能技术的信任,并补充现有的标准,如ISO 26262.
- 实施这种方法有助于安全和道德部署先进的自动驾驶功能.
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