骑自行车者对交通造成的空气污染的暴露在多式联运网络设计问题中的多式联运网络设计问题
Elham Mortazavi Moghaddam1, Gholamreza Shiran1, Ahmad Reza Jafarian-Moghaddam1
1Department of Railway Engineering and Transportation Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
PloS one
|June 2, 2023
概括
本研究介绍了一种可持续的运输模式,以减少骑自行车者对空气污染的暴露. 优化路线显著减少了骑自行车者的污染暴露,同时对旅行时间的影响最小.
科学领域:
- 城市规划和可持续的交通系统
- 环境科学和空气质量管理
- 运营研究和网络优化优化.
背景情况:
- 可持续的交通对城市环境至关重要,骑自行车是主要的活跃模式.
- 骑自行车者增加的身体活动和空气吸入需要解决交通产生的空气污染暴露.
- 现有的运输模式往往忽视了空气质量对活跃运输用户的直接影响.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个多式联运网络设计问题 (MMNDP),将骑自行车者的空气污染暴露纳入其中.
- 为了评估需求覆盖,行程时间和骑自行车者的空气污染暴露之间的权衡.
- 评估单车和公共汽车专用车道对网络性能和污染暴露的影响.
主要方法:
- 制定了一个多式联运网络设计问题 (MMNDP),以优化自行车,汽车和公共汽车的路线.
- 非主导存储遗传算法 (NSGA-II) 用于上层优化.
- 连续平均 (MSA) 的方法被用于较低级别的优化,用数值示例和场景分析.
主要成果:
- 将空气污染暴露纳入模型,将骑自行车者的暴露减少了47%,而旅行时间只增加了4%.
- 单车和公共汽车的专用车道进一步减少了整个网络的曝光率60%.
- 增加的需求覆盖率 (47%) 导致更长的旅行时间 (28%) 和暴露率 (58%),突出了权衡.
结论:
- 将骑自行车的空气污染暴露纳入运输网络设计是可行的和有效的.
- 专用车道是减轻骑自行车者的空气污染风险的可行策略.
- 该模型提供了一种平衡的方法,以加强可持续的运输,同时优先考虑骑自行车者的健康.
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