从个性化大脑和行为模型的洞察力来识别精神病学中的生物标志物
Brian Kraus1, Richard Zinbarg2, Rodrigo M Braga3
1Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
|June 2, 2023
概括
使用广泛的个人数据的个性化模型可以改善心理病理学的神经生物标志物. 这种方法提高了临床使用的大脑和行为测量的可靠性和预测有效性.
科学领域:
- 翻译神经科学是一种神经科学.
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
背景情况:
- 识别心理病理学的神经相关物 (生物标志物) 是翻译神经科学的一个关键目标.
- 当前的研究往往优先考虑大样本大小而不是密集的个人内部数据收集,限制生物标志物的可靠性和临床实用性.
- 现有的生物标志物尚未在临床实践中得到广泛使用,原因是个体级别验证不足.
研究的目的:
- 通过倡导个性化模型来解决当前生物标志物研究的局限性.
- 对心理病理症状的个性化模型和功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 脑网络措施的现有研究进行审查.
- 为整合跨症状和神经成像领域的个性化模型提出方法,以推进生物标志物发现.
主要方法:
- 审查两个不同的研究领域:心理病理症状的个性化模型和fMRI大脑网络测量的个性化模型.
- 强调在个体内广泛收集数据,以估计个性化模型.
- 通过症状和神经成像数据统一个性化模型的概念框架.
主要成果:
- 由丰富的个人数据构建的个性化模型提供了一个有希望的方法来提高神经测量的可靠性和预测有效性.
- 有证据表明,为心理症状和大脑网络活动创建个性化模型的可行性.
- 审查强调了整合这两个研究领域的潜力.
结论:
- 向个性化建模的转变,利用密集的个人数据,对于开发临床上有用的精神病理学的神经生物标志物至关重要.
- 整合个性化的症状和神经成像模型可以显著改善生物标志物的发现和验证.
- 这种综合方法对推进精神病学诊断,预后和治疗具有前景.
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