伊甸的酵母:从酵母的角度看,微生物对草甘的耐药性
Dionysios Patriarcheas1, Taizina Momtareen1, Jennifer E G Gallagher2
1Department of Biology, West Virginia University, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
Current genetics
|June 3, 2023
概括
草甘是一种广泛使用的除草剂,向植物氨基酸生产,但非向生物体越来越多地抵抗它. 新的研究揭示了非目标效应和抵抗机制,包括氨基酸载体突变.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 草甘 (作为RoundUp销售) 是一种广泛使用的除草剂,由于其有效性和对动物的低急性毒性.
- 基于草甘的除草剂 (GBH) 的使用增加导致了草甘在杂草中的耐药性和非标生物体的暴露.
- 草甘抑制了什基米酸途径,这对于植物,细菌和真菌中芳香氨基酸的产生至关重要,但在甲基动物中并非如此.
研究的目的:
- 研究非标生物体中草甘耐药性的机制.
- 探索草甘在已知目标之外的潜在非目标效应.
- 突出影响草甘毒性和耐药性的因素,如pH值.
主要方法:
- 对Saccharomyces cerevisiae中的遗传变异和突变进行分析,以了解抵抗机制.
- 与草甘吸收和耐药性相关的氨基载体功能的研究.
- 在暴露于草甘期间对线粒体的基因表达差异的检查.
- 考虑pH对草甘毒性和耐药性的影响.
主要成果:
- 菌类,植物和细菌的草甘耐药机制相似,包括目标部位 (TSR) 和非目标部位 (NTSR) 耐药性.
- 已经确定了氨基载体的突变和草甘的潜在非目标效应.
- 草甘对酸/谷氨酸 (D/E) 的模仿表明它与D/E载体和线粒体通路的相互作用.
- 暴露于草甘会改变线粒体蛋白质的mRNA表达.
- 对草甘耐药的突变物可能对其他化学物质呈现交叉耐药性.
- 没有缓冲的草甘可以改变pH值,影响毒性和耐药性.
结论:
- 草甘耐药性正在通过各种机制在非标生物中发展,包括那些影响氨基酸运输的机制.
- 草甘的非目标效应,特别是与氨基酸模仿和线粒体功能相关的,需要进一步调查.
- 像pH等环境因素对草甘的有效性和耐药性的发展有很大的影响.
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