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相关概念视频

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

296
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
296
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

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The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
58.8K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

14.8K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
14.8K
Transition Zone01:28

Transition Zone

124
The transition zone in concrete is a critical area where aggregate meets cement paste, marked by a distinct porosity and weakness compared to the surrounding material. The adhesion around the aggregates is primarily due to Van Der Waals forces. The voids within this zone influence its robustness; initially, it is less durable than the surrounding bulk mortar due to larger voids. Initially, when concrete is compacted, a higher water-cement ratio near the aggregates leads to the formation of...
124
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

613
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
613

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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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石相位分离是由水化介导的界面电荷驱动的.

Michael L Whittaker1, Mohammad Shoaib2, Laura N Lammers3

  • 1Energy Geosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Journal of colloid and interface science
|June 3, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

石粘土的胀涉及不同的体相,而不仅仅是透或晶体状态. 在接口处的离子水化驱动高扩散动力学,揭示了粘土膨胀行为的统一模型.

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科学领域:

  • 地质化学 地质化学
  • 体科学 体科学 体科学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学

背景情况:

  • 石粘土表现出显著的胀和剥落,以应对水化和离子交换.
  • 现有的模型未能涵盖自然和工程系统中水,盐和粘土含量的全部范围.
  • 传统上根据水的活动确定了两个胀模式,即透式和晶体式.

研究的目的:

  • 在所有水活动和电解质度中开发一种统一的形粘土膨胀模型.
  • 为了证明不同的体相,而不是单独的胀模式,标志着粘土的行为.
  • 阐明离子水合和界面电荷在驱动粘土层动态中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 开发一种分析模型,用于涉及水,盐和粘土的分子间潜力.
  • 在一系列水活动和电解质类型 (单价和双价) 中预测膨胀压力.
  • 分析粘土,离子和水的流动性与接口电荷和水分的关系.

主要成果:

  • 确定了一系列丰富的不同合相,含水量,层厚度和曲率各不相同.
  • 显示所有粘土膨胀都可以描述为透性,在高度的粘土中,接口透压力占主导地位.
  • 观察到由可变水化介导的界面电荷驱动的超扩散层动态,导致长寿命的中间状态.

结论:

  • 石粘土膨胀是一种统一的透过程,由界面现象产生的明显的体相.
  • 在矿物界面上的离子 (脱水) 是超扩散层动态的主要驱动因素.
  • 新模型准确地预测了各种条件下的膨胀压力,提供了对粘土行为的更全面的了解.