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COVID19的功能获取和起源

Patrick Berche¹

¹Universiy of Paris Cité, Paris, France.

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)

|June 3, 2023

概括

SARS-CoV-2的起源仍然不确定,有两个主要理论:自然的动物性传播或实验室事故,涉及对病毒的功能获取研究. 了解它的出现对于疫情准备至关重要.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
流行病学流行病学
遗传学是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

在动物水库中流通的野生病毒构成将动物传染病传播给人类的风险.
对病毒的基因操纵,特别是那些具有流行病潜力的病毒,如流感和冠状病毒,已被探索以了解病原性.
危险病原体的功能获取研究在2014-2017年期间在美国受到暂停.

研究的目的:

审查有关SARS-CoV-2起源的当前理解和持续的团,这是导致COVID-19的病毒.
分析SARS-CoV-2的遗传特征,包括其高度传染性和独特的furin分裂部位.
介绍和评估SARS-CoV-2出现的两个主要假设:自然动物源与实验室相关事件.

主要方法:

审查与SARS-CoV-2出现有关的科学文献和流行病学数据.
对SARS-CoV-2的遗传构成进行分析,将其与相关的冠状病毒和已知的病毒储库进行比较.
评估自然溢出效应与基于实验室的场景的可信性,考虑地理和遗传证据.

主要成果:

2019年底,SARS-CoV-2在中国武汉出现,在最初的隔离物中表现出高传染性和遗传同质性.
斯派克蛋白中的一个独特的furin分裂部位,这是一个关键的毒性因子,在SARS-CoV-2中存在,但在相关的sarbecoviruses中不存在.
目前尚未确定SARS-CoV-2的中间宿主,与之前的SARS和MERS疫情不同,最初的传播仅限于武汉.

结论:

关于SARS-CoV-2的起源仍在争论中,关于其出现的重大问题仍然存在.
自然起源假设在解释武汉的中心和病毒的特定遗传特征方面面临挑战,例如furin网站.
实验室事故假设,涉及功能获取研究或人类意外感染实验室培养的病毒,仍然是一个合理的替代方案,需要进一步调查.

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