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低碳水化合物与慢性病死亡率的关联
Qidong Ren1,2, Yangzhong Zhou1, Huiting Luo1
1Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
Renal failure
|June 5, 2023
概括
对慢性病 (CKD) 患者来说,管理碳水化合物摄入量至关重要. 将碳水化合物摄入量降至每日能量摄入量的30-45%,并用非糖碳水化合物取代糖,可以降低CKD患者的死亡风险.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 饮食管理是减缓慢性病 (CKD) 进展的关键.
- 关于碳水化合物摄入量对CKD患者的影响的研究有限.
- 这项研究检查了美国成年人患有CKD的碳水化合物摄入量和死亡率.
研究的目的:
- 研究美国成年慢性病患者碳水化合物摄入量与全因死亡率之间的关联.
- 探索宏观营养素组成对这一群体死亡风险的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项前性队列研究,利用来自NHANES (2003-2014) 的3683名美国成年CKD患者 (年龄≥20岁) 的数据.
- 分析采用多变量考克斯比例危险模型和单热量替代方法来评估宏观营养素与死亡率的关联.
- 这项研究包括1082例死亡,平均随访时间为67个月.
主要成果:
- 碳水化合物和糖摄入量与全因死亡率有非线性关联.
- 从碳水化合物中消耗30-45%能量的CKD患者的死亡风险较低 (HR 0.76),与消耗60%的患者相比.
- 与40%相比,从糖中获得5-20%的能量 (HR 0.75) 以及通过用蛋白质或用非糖碳水化合物取代碳水化合物或糖来代替碳水化合物也观察到降低死亡风险.
结论:
- 对CKD患者的饮食建议应考虑个体的饮食状况.
- 碳水化合物摄入量的组成,包括糖含量,是控制死亡风险的重要因素.
- 个性化的饮食建议可能会改善慢性病患者的结果.
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