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相关概念视频

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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在A中的多态性.

Gregory Morrison1, Lakshani W Masachchi1, Hunter B Tisdale1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA. zurLoye@mailbox.sc.edu.

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|June 5, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员生长了A3MF6化合物的单晶,在室温下发现了多重多态. 在加热后,所有组合物都转变为单个立方体结构,揭示了对金属和化材料的新见解.

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科学领域:

  • 固态化学和材料科学 固态化学和材料科学
  • 结晶学和无机化合物的结构分析.

背景情况:

  • 金属六氧化和六甲酸盐 (A3MF6) 是各种领域潜在应用的化合物.
  • 了解它们的结构多样性和相位过渡对于材料设计和利用至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 合成和描述A3MF6化合物的单晶,其中A = Rb,Cs和M = Al,Ga.
  • 研究这些化合物的取决于温度的结构行为和相位过渡.

主要方法:

  • 在密封的银管中使用混合化/化流的单晶生长.
  • 同时热重力测量分析/差分扫描热量测量 (TGA/DSC).
  • 高温单晶X射线衍射 (SCXRD) 和粉末X射线衍射 (PXRD).

主要成果:

  • 为A3MF6 (A = Rb, Cs; M = Al, Ga) 合成单晶.
  • 对Cs3AlF6和Cs3GaF6 (m-Cs3MF6,o-Cs3MF6) 的多个室温多态的观察.
  • 鉴定了化合物的特定室温多态 (o-Rb3AlF6,t-Rb3GaF6).
  • 所有研究的A3MF6化合物在加热时都会呈现结构转变为常见的立方体结构类型 (c-A3MF6).

结论:

  • 该研究成功合成和表征了四种A3MF6化合物,揭示了复杂的室温多态性.
  • 在所有组合中发现了一种统一的高温立方相 (c-A3MF6),表明在高温下具有共同的结构图案.
  • 这些发现提供了对金属六金酸和六黄酸的结构多功能性和热性能的基本见解.