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相关概念视频

Overview of the Reproductive System01:31

Overview of the Reproductive System

1.6K
The reproductive system generates offspring, ensuring the survival of the species. In humans, the reproductive system is complex and involves a variety of organs and hormones that work together to ensure successful reproduction.
The gonads, or primary reproductive organs, produce gametes and sex hormones. In males, the testes produce spermatozoa and testosterone, which is responsible for developing secondary male sex characteristics, including a deeper voice, larger muscles, facial and body...
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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

1.6K
The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
1.6K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
60.7K
Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

788
The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
788
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

593
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
593
Menopause01:28

Menopause

209
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
209

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats
06:38

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats

Published on: October 13, 2018

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在生殖障碍中评估下丘脑垂体淋巴功能.

Kanyada Koysombat1,2, Waljit S Dhillo1,2, Ali Abbara1,2

  • 1Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Clinical science (London, England : 1979)
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
概括

脑下垂体 - 脑下垂体 - 淋巴结核 (HPG) 轴的障碍会导致常见的生殖问题. 本综述探讨了HPG轴障碍的诊断挑战和测试,包括改善诊断的新标记.

科学领域:

  • 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
  • 生殖医学 生殖医学
  • 神经内分泌学神经内分泌学

背景情况:

  • 由下丘脑-垂体-淋巴结核 (HPG) 轴功能障碍引起的生殖条件很普遍,带来了重大的健康和心理社会后果.
  • 正确诊断青春期和生殖系统疾病往往是具有挑战性的,因为临床表现和荷尔蒙特征的重叠.
  • 目前的诊断工具,包括基底和动态内分泌测试,有助于询问HPG轴组件,但有局限性,特别是对下丘脑功能.

研究的目的:

  • 审查与HPG轴病理相关的青春期和生殖障碍.
  • 讨论区分疾病的临床挑战,比如生长和青春期的宪法延迟 (CDGP) 与先天性性性性 (CHH),以及多囊性卵巢综合征 (PCOS) 与功能性下垂体 amenorrhoea (FHA) 的临床挑战.
  • 评估现有的内分泌测试的实用性,并突出新兴的标记物,以提高诊断准确度.

主要方法:

  • 关于HPG轴障碍,诊断挑战和内分泌检测的文献综述.
  • 在常见的青春期和生殖条件下分析临床表现和荷尔蒙特征.
  • 讨论目前和正在发展的HPG轴功能障碍的诊断标记.

主要成果:

  • 区分CDGP和CHH,以及PCOS和FHA等疾病,由于类似的表现和有限的动态下丘脑功能测试,仍然具有挑战性.
  • 基底和动态内分泌检测对于评估HPG轴组件至关重要,但不能完全解决诊断的模两可.
关键词:
遗传性性性性性性性性宪法延迟的成长和青春期的青春期.功能性下垂体异常流动 (功能性下垂体异常流动)多囊性卵巢综合征多囊性卵巢综合征迟到的青春期延迟了下丘脑 - 垂体 - 淋巴腺轴

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Dual Somatic Recordings from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH Neurons Identified by Green Fluorescent Protein GFP in Hypothalamic Slices
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Dual Somatic Recordings from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH Neurons Identified by Green Fluorescent Protein GFP in Hypothalamic Slices

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats
06:38

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Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation
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Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

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Dual Somatic Recordings from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH Neurons Identified by Green Fluorescent Protein GFP in Hypothalamic Slices
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Dual Somatic Recordings from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH Neurons Identified by Green Fluorescent Protein GFP in Hypothalamic Slices

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  • 新的下丘脑,垂体和淋巴体标志物正在开发中,以提高诊断精度.

    • 结论:

    • 对HPG轴障碍的有效诊断需要对临床特征和内分泌检测结果的全面了解.
    • 缺少下丘脑功能动态测试是一个重要的诊断障碍.
    • 新兴生物标志物有望改善患有生殖和青春期疾病的患者的差异化和管理.