在健康和疾病中的Ranvier节点
Yael Eshed-Eisenbach1,2, Peter J Brophy3, Elior Peles1,2
1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS
|June 5, 2023
概括
髓轴突中的专门领域,包括Ranvier节点 (NOR) 和神经节点 (PNJ),对于神经信号传输至关重要. 这些部位的轴粘附分子 (CAM) 的破坏会导致免疫介导的神经病变,称为结节病变或神经病变.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 肌性轴突的特点是专门的领域:Ranvier (NOR) 的节点,Paranodal连接点 (PNJ) 和 juxtaparanodal区域.
- 这些域含有独特的轴粘附分子 (CAM) 和组织离子通道的支架蛋白.
- 针对特定CAMs的抗体越来越多地被认为是免疫介导神经病变的原因.
研究的目的:
- 审查NOR和相邻膜域的分子组成.
- 描述CAM复合体在髓单元内的轴突-质相互作用中的功能.
- 讨论这些分子和机制在外围神经病理中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对轴性CAMs的分子组成和功能的文献综述.
- 分析了神经质神经中轴突-质相互作用的机制.
- 讨论新兴神经病变的临床和分子特征.
主要成果:
- 确定了NOR和相邻域的详细分子构成.
- 阐明了各种CAM复合体在调解轴突-质相互作用中的功能.
- 在外围神经病变和节点病变/副节点病变中CAMs的参与突出显示.
结论:
- 轴CAMs对于在髓质轴突中组装和维护专门的膜域至关重要.
- 这些CAMs的功能障碍导致免疫介导的神经病变 (nodopathies/paranodopathies).
- 了解这些分子机制是诊断和治疗这些新的神经疾病的关键.
关键词:
轴质粘附分子的粘附分子细胞骨架 细胞骨架兰维埃的节点 兰维埃的节点偏节节结 偏节节结周围神经病变 (peripheral neuropathies) 是一种神经病变,发生在周围神经系统.通过通道进行通道.更多相关视频
09:34Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure
Published on: August 27, 2019
8.9K
11:18An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time
Published on: November 25, 2014
10.9K
相关概念视频
01:25Nervous Tissue: Myelin
2.8K
The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
2.8K
01:15Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue
886
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
886
01:41Action Potentials
131.7K
Overview
131.7K
01:31Action Potential
8.0K
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they...
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they...
8.0K
01:19The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation
3.2K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
3.2K
01:26Voltage-gated Ion Channels
8.3K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several...
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several...
8.3K