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Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

5.2K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
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Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

Path Between Thermodynamics States

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Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
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Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations01:23

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

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Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
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Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

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Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
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First Law Of Thermodynamics: Problem-Solving01:21

First Law Of Thermodynamics: Problem-Solving

2.7K
The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of the system is equal to the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system. This equation is a generalized form of energy conservation and can be applied to any thermodynamic process.
The following strategies can be used to solve any problem involving the first law of thermodynamics.
2.7K
Thermodynamics: Activity Coefficient01:24

Thermodynamics: Activity Coefficient

1.6K
Activity is the measure of the effective concentration of the species in solution. It can be expressed as the product of the molar concentration of the species and its activity coefficient. The activity coefficient is a dimensionless quantity and depends on the total ionic strength of the solution.
The activity coefficient is a measure of the deviation from ideal behavior. When the ionic strength of the solution is minimal, the activity coefficient of an ionic species is close to unity, making...
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Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
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热力学分析的热力学分析.

Fu Yang1,2, Kun Gao3, Zunyi Yu3

  • 1Shaanxi Provincial Coal Geology Group Co. Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

富含焦油煤的in situ地下热解对于能源需求至关重要. 较高的压力增加了初始反应温度,允许在这个复杂的过程中控制产品产量.

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科学领域:

  • * 地质化学和化学工程
  • * 热力学和能源资源

背景情况:

  • * 富含焦油煤的现场地下热解对于中国的能源安全和可持续的煤炭利用至关重要.
  • *实际的地下条件 (高压) 与实验室模拟有很大差异,需要进行特定的热力学研究.
  • *了解这些条件是优化煤炭资源管理和减少对石油和天然气的依赖的关键.

研究的目的:

  • * 在模拟的地面条件下进行富含焦油煤热解的热力学研究.
  • * 确定富含焦油煤的关键热力学函数 (内热量,吉布斯自由能量,).
  • * 分析温度和压力对初级热解反应的影响.

主要方法:

  • * 为富含焦油煤的标准热力学函数的确定.
  • * 基于煤油组件的十个代表性初级热解反应的构建.
  • *分析吉布斯自由能量和平衡常数在温度 (200800°C) 和压力 (大气到10MPa) 中的变化.

主要成果:

  • * 形成的标准度: -72.27 kJ·mol−1.1.
  • * 标准: -37.79 J·mol−1·K−1.1. 这就是.
  • *标准形成的吉布斯自由能量: -60.01 kJ·mol-1.1.
  • * 增加的压力 (大气压到10 MPa) 提高了所有初级热解反应的初始反应温度.
  • *地下条件将初始反应温度转移到更高的梯度.

结论:

  • *热力学数据为理解富含焦油煤的热解提供了基础.
  • * 压力显著影响初始反应温度,在in situ条件下将其变高.
  • *调整温度和压力可以指导in situ地下煤炭热解的产品分布.