保护主义是否能改善发展中国家的环境? 环境效率评估的一个视角
Qiang Wang1,2,3, Feng Jiang1,3, Rongrong Li1,2,3
1School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
概括
保护主义可能会减少发展中国家的污染,但会降低它们的环境效率,阻碍可持续发展. 对于发达国家来说,保护主义对排放和环境效率都有负面影响.
科学领域:
- 环境经济学环境经济学
- 国际贸易 国际贸易 国际贸易
- 可持续发展 可持续发展 可持续发展
背景情况:
- 发达国家历来通过自由贸易将污染外包给发展中国家.
- 随着COVID-19的流行,全球保护主义日益加剧.
- 现有研究表明,贸易增加了发展中国家的污染.
研究的目的:
- 评估保护主义对发展中国家经济的环境影响.
- 分析保护主义对污染物排放和环境效率的影响.
- 开发一个综合模型,整合多区域的输入-输出,数据包裹分析和场景分析.
主要方法:
- 利用多区域输入输出 (MRIO) 来模拟与贸易相关的排放 (CO2,SO2,NOx) 和经济因素.
- 采用数据包裹分析 (DEA) 与非辐射定向距离函数来计算部门级贸易环境效率.
- 进行了场景分析,比较发展中国家和发达经济体的贸易和没有贸易的环境效率.
主要成果:
- 贸易增加了发展中国家的CO2,SO2和NOx排放量 (12.9%,9.8%,12.3%),但在发达经济体减少了它们 (6.0%,29.4%,21.2%).
- 在没有贸易的情况下,发展中国家的环境效率下降了3%,发达经济体下降了5%.
- 保护主义对发达国家的排放和效率的影响是负面的.
结论:
- 保护主义损害了发展中国家的可持续发展,因为环境效率降低,尽管潜在的减排.
- 保护主义对发达国家的污染物排放和环境效率都有负面影响.
- 需要一个细微的方法来平衡贸易,环境保护和经济发展.
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