有界的理性,积极的解决问题,以及社交互动的神经科学
Riccardo Viale1,2, Shaun Gallagher3,4, Vittorio Gallese5,6
1Department of Economics and BIB-Ciseps, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Frontiers in psychology
|June 5, 2023
概括
本研究介绍了主动解决问题的方法,整合了有限和体现的认知来解释人类的行为. 它超越了传统的决策模式,强调环境的相互作用和适应,以有效解决问题.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人类行动 人类行动
- 决策理论 决策理论
背景情况:
- 传统的决策心理学依赖于诸如主观预期效用 (SEU) 这样的规范模型.
- SEU源于Savage (1954) 和Von Neumann & Morgenstern (1944) 的工作,将认知心理学与正式决策理论联系起来.
- 这种方法在充分解释人类行为和行动的复杂性方面存在局限性.
研究的目的:
- 提出一种理解人类行动的替代框架,超越传统的决策心理学.
- 将赫伯特·西蒙的有限理性和解决问题的概念与体内认知研究相结合.
- 引入和定义"主动解决问题"作为一种新的解释模型.
主要方法:
- 重新审视纽埃尔和西蒙在有限的理性范围内解决问题的框架.
- 将西蒙对环境反和适应的重视纳入体现的认知.
- 将"问题空间"概念化为与环境负担互动的制定解决方案.
主要成果:
- 积极问题解决强调了务实外部环境在塑造适应性行为中的作用.
- 环境反被认为是解决问题的过程中模拟人类行为的一个关键因素.
- 这个概念绕过了纯粹的分析决策阶段,限制了对象征表示的依赖.
结论:
- 积极的解决问题通过与环境负担能力的互动互动,将有限和体现的认知融合在一起.
- 这个模型解释了理性生态学中的适应式启发学,在实际,运动,抽象和象征性任务中有效.
- 它提供了一个更加动态和取决于背景的人类行动和决策的解释.
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