节奏对选择性倾听在多源环境中对年轻人和老年人的节奏的影响
Dylan V Pearson1, Yi Shen2, J Devin McAuley3
1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University, United States.
Hearing research
|June 5, 2023
概括
时间规律或节奏有助于在噪音中理解语音. 这项研究发现,虽然节奏对年轻人和老年人都有好处,但年轻的听众从中获益更多,突出了节奏在与年龄相关的听力差异中的作用.
科学领域:
- 听觉感知是一种听觉感知.
- 精神声学是一种精神声学.
- 认知老龄化 认知老龄化
背景情况:
- 在杂的环境中理解语音是很困难的,尤其是对老年人来说.
- 说话中的时间规律 (节奏) 可能会提高理解力.
- 以前的研究表明,语音识别中存在"目标节奏效应".
研究的目的:
- 用合成母音序列在年轻人中复制目标节奏效应.
- 为了研究目标节律效应的与年龄相关的差异.
- 为了检查背景噪音对节奏感知的影响.
主要方法:
- 年轻和年长的成年人识别了正则 (异时) 和不规则 (异时) 的合成序列中的元音.
- 刺激呈现在安静和与竞争的背景和音复合体在不同的节奏.
- 在不同的节奏和背景条件下测量了元音识别的准确性.
主要成果:
- 目标节奏效应被复制:时间规律性提高了年轻听者的准确性.
- 更快的背景节奏提高了总体母音识别的准确性,无论目标规律性如何.
- 年长的听众显示了目标节奏效应,但从时间规律中受益较小,而不是年轻的听众.
结论:
- 时间规律对于听觉感知和选择性倾听至关重要,特别是在复杂的听觉场景中.
- 与年龄相关的差异存在于从时间规律中获得的好处,这表明老年人处理的变化.
- 这项研究引入了一个新的范式,用于研究节奏对整个生命周期的听觉感知的影响.
相关概念视频
01:17Auditory Perception
387
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
387
01:25Factors Affecting Perception
1.7K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.7K