在撒哈拉以南非洲地区获得国际控制的基本药物的障碍:范围审查
Gaby I Ooms1, Janneke van Oirschot2, Denise de Kant2
1Utrecht WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Health Action International, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
The International journal on drug policy
|June 5, 2023
概括
在撒哈拉以南非洲,获得基本药物的机会受到许多障碍的阻碍. 综合应对这些挑战对于改善整个地区的医疗保健至关重要.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 卫生系统研究 卫生系统研究
- 制药政策 制药政策
背景情况:
- 在撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA),获得国际控制的基本药物 (ICEM) 是一个重大挑战.
- 之前的审查并没有将ICEM作为所有医疗保健领域的单独类别解决.
- 这项研究解决了这一差距,重点关注SSA的所有ICEM及其访问障碍.
研究的目的:
- 在撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 的所有相关医疗保健领域识别获取国际控制的基本药物 (ICEM) 的障碍.
- 为ICEM在SSA地区的访问挑战提供全面的概述.
主要方法:
- 使用Embase,PubMed,Scopus和Web of Science数据库进行了范围审查.
- 包括2012年1月至2022年2月期间发表的研究,重点关注SSA和ICEM访问障碍.
- 从卫生系统的角度对药物获取的框架指导了这次审查.
主要成果:
- 在5519篇已识别的文章中,有97篇研究符合纳入标准.
- 障碍在ICEM中是常见的,包括缺乏知识,缺乏可用性,缺货,负担能力和设施的长距离.
- 卫生系统层面的障碍包括不充分的优先级,预算分配,量化不足,复杂的采购和限制性法律.
结论:
- 许多障碍阻碍了ICEM在各级卫生系统中获得SSA的机会.
- 许多已识别的障碍是ICEM的全类障碍,强调需要综合解决方案.
- 共同解决这些障碍对于改善该地区基本药物获取至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:03Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact
196
Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
196
01:25Drug Regulation
1.4K
Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
1.4K
01:02Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs
789
Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
789
01:23Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers
261
Drug distribution in the body is intricately regulated by various physiological barriers that control the passage of substances. These include the capillary endothelial barrier, the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid, blood-placental, and blood-testis barriers.
The capillary endothelial barrier allows only smaller molecules below 600 Da (Daltons) to pass through. It also restricts drugs like heparin that are bound to blood components, limiting their movement within the bloodstream.
The...
The capillary endothelial barrier allows only smaller molecules below 600 Da (Daltons) to pass through. It also restricts drugs like heparin that are bound to blood components, limiting their movement within the bloodstream.
The...
261
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
3.3K
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
3.3K
01:19Pharmacovigilance
914
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
914