孟加拉国20多年来,霍乱的变化水和卫生决定因素在孟加拉国变化
Mohammad Habibur Rahman Sarker1, Sumon Kumar Das2, Hasnat Sujon1,3
1International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
概括
1994-2018年间,霍乱的决定因素在达卡发生了显著的转变. 虽然安全的所和自来水最初降低了Vibrio cholerae风险,但后来,自来水和贫民窟的生活增加了它,突出了不断变化的WASH挑战.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 环境健康 环境健康
背景情况:
- 霍乱仍然是一个关键的全球卫生问题,特别是在发展中国家.
- 了解不断变化的风险因素对于有效的控制策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析与孟加拉国达卡的水和卫生做法相关的霍乱决定因素的变化,在两个不同的时期之间:1994-1998年和2014-2018年.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自孟加拉国国际腹疾病研究中心腹疾病监测系统的数据.
- 分析了全因性腹病例,并根据Vibrio cholerae存在 (单一病原体,混合感染或没有常见肠病原体) 进行分类.
- 检查的暴露包括卫生间使用,饮用自来水,饮用煮水,家庭规模和贫民窟住房.
主要成果:
- 霍乱病毒阳性率从20.30% (1994-1998) 降低到9.69% (2014-2018). 这是一个令人惊的数字.
- 在1994-1998年,卫生所和自来水具有保护性 (aOR < 1).
- 在2014-2018年,自来水消耗和贫民窟住房成为风险因素 (aOR>1).
结论:
- 霍乱传播的决定因素,如自来水消耗,在城市化环境中可以动态变化.
- 改善水,环境卫生和卫生 (WASH) 是必不可少的,特别是在快速发展的城市.
- 建议在城市贫民窟进行口服霍乱疫苗接种,因为长期的WASH监测具有挑战性.
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