早产对儿童大脑结构的长期影响:青少年大脑认知发育 (ABCD) 研究的分析
Niloy Nath1,2,3, Winnica Beltrano1,2,3, Logan Haynes1,2,3
1Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
eNeuro
|June 5, 2023
概括
过早分娩会影响9-10岁儿童的大脑结构,导致皮质在特定区域变薄和变厚. 这些大脑差异与妊娠年龄和出生体重有关,这对长期发育有影响.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 过早分娩 (PTB),发生在37周妊娠年龄 (GA) 之前,影响约10%的分娩.
- 在儿童中,PTB与认知,行为和心理健康挑战的风险增加有关.
- 了解PTB对大脑发育的长期影响对于早期干预和支持至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查早产对中后儿童 (9-10岁) 脑结构的影响.
- 检查妊娠年龄,性别和出生体重如何影响PTB和大脑结构之间的关系.
- 为了确定观察到的大脑结构差异是否预测妊娠年龄.
主要方法:
- 利用了青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的数据,这是一个庞大而多样化的美国队列 (N≈11,500).
- 分析了大脑结构,包括皮层厚度和表面积,与早产状态相关 (中度和非常PTB与满期).
- 对总大脑大小进行了控制,并调查了出生体重和潜在的性别差异的调解作用.
主要成果:
- 过早分娩与 temporoparietal 和 dorsal prefrontal 区域的相对皮质稀薄,以及中间前额和部区域的加厚有关.
- 在PTB儿童中观察到表面积和皮下体积的减少,在控制大脑大小时大大减弱.
- 皮层厚度的影响部分由出生体重介导,只有有限的证据表明PTB影响的性别差异.
- 皮层厚度模式预测了复制样本中的妊娠年龄.
结论:
- 在童年后期,早产会显著改变大脑结构,皮层厚度和表面积变化有明显的模式.
- 妊娠年龄和出生体重是影响早产后大脑发育轨迹的关键因素.
- 这些发现增强了我们对早产所带来的神经生物学后果的理解,跨越了整个妊娠年龄范围.
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