专门的第三方执法机构的出现
Erik Mohlin1,2, Alexandros Rigos1,2, Simon Weidenholzer3
1Department of Economics, Lund University, 220 07 Lund, Sweden.
概括
第三方执法,或专业互惠,可以解释非相关个人之间的合作. 执法者之间的冲突威胁激励他们惩罚叛逃者,保持合作.
科学领域:
- 进化游戏理论的演化游戏理论.
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 社会动态 社会动态
背景情况:
- 非相关个体之间的合作是社会科学中的一个基本问题.
- 之前的模型集中在直接和间接的互惠.
- 第三方执法在复杂的社会中至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 解释第三方执法合作专业化的出现.
- 模拟执法人员如何维持生产者之间的合作.
主要方法:
- 与生产者和执法者一起开发了一个进化游戏理论模型.
- 制片人没有事先的信息就参与了囚犯的困境.
- 执法者对生产者征税,并与彼此发生潜在冲突.
主要成果:
- 执法人员受到激励,因为潜在的内部冲突,他们会惩罚叛逃的生产者.
- 由知情的执法人员维护的声誉系统是关键.
- 执法者内部冲突是确保执法的一种机制.
结论:
- 专业的互惠关系可以出现并维持合作.
- "警卫"实际上是由警卫自己守卫的.
- 分析和模拟结果支持模型的发现.
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