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快速演变的特征使得新的保护工具成为可能:来自虫入侵澳大利亚的观点
Richard Shine1, Simon Baeckens2,3
1School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
概括
侵袭性的快速进化提供了新的保护策略. 管理人员可以利用新进化的特征来控制人口和减轻对本地野生动物的影响.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 自然种群对人为介导的环境变化表现出快速的适应性反应.
- 经常讨论利用进化特征进行保护管理,但很少实施.
- 生物入侵提供了研究快速表型变化的机会.
研究的目的:
- 探索入侵物种,它们的病原体和本地生物群的快速表型变化如何被用于保护管理.
- 确定控制入侵物种和减少它们对本地野生动物的影响的新方法.
- 为了利用对澳大利亚甘入侵的研究来实现实际的保护应用.
主要方法:
- 对澳大利亚热带地区的甘青 (Rhinella marina) 侵袭进行了密集研究.
- 识别入侵性甘青的新进化的漏洞.
- 评估澳大利亚本土野生动物新进化的弹性.
- 分析在扩大范围边缘和幼虫食人主义进化的独特的现象.
主要成果:
- 在范围边缘的独特的甘青表型显示扩散增加,但生殖能力,竞争能力和免疫能力降低.
- 甘青幼虫食人行为的进化为特定物种的捕获提供了机会,并加剧了物种内冲突.
- 甘青的新进化的脆弱性可以被利用来控制种群.
- 在本地野生动物中新进化的弹性可以被利用来减少影响.
结论:
- 侵入性物种的快速表型演变为保护管理提供了新的途径.
- 利用进化的特征,如甘青的脆弱性和食人行为,可以导致有效的种群控制策略.
- 将基础研究成果与CRISPR-Cas9等新兴技术相结合,可以加强保护工作.
- 甘入侵案例研究表明了基础研究在开发创新的保护方法方面的潜力.
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