一种系统方法来评估利用效率和生猪养殖-养计划在美国猪肉生产系统的环境影响
Zhaohui Yang1, Pedro E Urriola1, Lee J Johnston1,2
1Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55018, USA.
Journal of animal science
|June 6, 2023
概括
用玉米和大豆粉 (CSBM) 优化猪的饮食改善了生长和尸体特征,同时减少了气候变化等环境影响. 低蛋白质 (LP) 饮食减少了酸性化,蒸商用可溶性干谷物 (DDGS) 饮食减少了土地使用.
科学领域:
- 动物营养 动物营养
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 农业科学 农业科学
背景情况:
- 传统的猪饮食优先考虑低成本而不是环境影响.
- 精确的饮食配方为优化性能和可持续性提供了机会.
- 评估不同的料配方对于可持续的动物农业至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较四个种植者-终端养计划的猪生长,尸体组成,利用和环境足迹.
- 评估玉米和大豆粉 (CSBM),低蛋白 (LP) 饮食,以及使用蒸器干燥谷物与可溶性 (DDGS) 的饮食对猪生产的影响.
主要方法:
- 实验1:288只猪被养四种不同的四相饮食 (CSBM,LP,CSBM与DDGS,DDGS + 氨基酸) 12周,以评估生长和尸体特征.
- 实验2:在使用第二阶段饮食的12天新陈代谢研究中,在32个里确定了和的平衡.
- 使用Opteinics软件进行了生命周期评估 (LCA),以量化环境影响.
主要成果:
- 与LP和DDGS饮食相比,CSBM饮食导致最终体重增加和效率增加.
- 食CSBM的猪表现出更高的固量,但也增加了尿路的分泌.
- LP饮食表现出最高的利用效率和最低的保留率.
- CSBM饮食对气候变化,海洋/淡水缩和化石资源使用的影响最小.
- LP饮食尽量减少了酸性化,陆地肥胖化和用水量.
- DDGS饮食对土地利用的影响最小.
结论:
- 精密配制的CSBM饮食优化了猪的生长性能和尸体特征.
- 养CSBM计划显著减少了环境影响,特别是气候变化和肥胖化.
- 饮食策略可以量身定制,以尽量减少特定的环境问题,如酸化,土地使用或水消耗.
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