一种神经心理学的方法来区分大麻诱导和原发性精神病障碍
Stephanie M Woolridge1, Chelsea Wood-Ross1, Rohit Voleti2
1Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Early intervention in psychiatry
|June 6, 2023
概括
神经心理学的差异可以帮助区分大麻诱导的精神病与早期的初级精神病. 患有大麻诱导精神病的个体表现出更好的眼动控制和洞察力,有助于诊断.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 大麻使用在早期精神病中普遍存在,这使得大麻诱导的精神病和初级精神病障碍之间的诊断变得复杂.
- 临床表现往往无法区分,阻碍了有效的评估和治疗策略.
- 在初级精神病中已知的神经心理特征,如认知缺陷和眼动异常,在诊断区分方面未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查大麻诱导精神病与早期初级精神病之间的神经心理差异.
- 探索认知表现的实用性,眼动任务和语言模式在区分这些条件.
- 评估神经心理特征是否可以提高早期精神病的诊断准确性.
主要方法:
- 从早期干预计划中招募了18名患有大麻诱导精神病的参与者和19名患有初级精神病的参与者.
- 在至少六个月的治疗后,诊断得到了确认.
- 参与者接受了认知表现的评估,眼动的运动,言语,临床症状,创伤,物质使用,病前功能和疾病洞察力.
主要成果:
- 与初级精神病患者相比,患有大麻诱导的精神病的人表现出优越的前动作任务表现.
- 在大麻诱导的精神病组中观察到,在支持和反冲击任务上的反应时间 (RT) 更快.
- 在大麻引起的精神病症患者中,更好的病前调整和更高的疾病洞察力是显著的发现.
结论:
- 传统的诊断方法可能不足以区分大麻诱导的初级精神病在早期的疾病阶段.
- 神经心理学上的差异,特别是眼动控制和洞察力方面的差异,对诊断区分有很大的希望.
- 对这些神经心理标志物的进一步研究对于提高早期精神病的诊断准确性至关重要.
相关概念视频
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
351
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
351
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids
279
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
279
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
772
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
772
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
172
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
172
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions
107
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
107
Hallucinogens and Psychedelics
215
Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
215


