转录学和强制性代的起源
Marelize Snyman1,2, Sen Xu3,4
1Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
Heredity
|June 6, 2023
概括
达芬尼亚的强制性伴生包括遗传转变,休息卵生产降低了半变和细胞循环基因的调节. 这种向无性繁殖的过渡为进化途径提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
背景情况:
- 强制性生 (OP) 是一种繁殖模式,女性在没有男性的情况下产生后代.
- 从性繁殖过渡到强制性伴侣生成的遗传基础在很大程度上是未知的.
- 淡水甲动物Daphnia pulex提供了一个模型系统,其中一些种群由于杂交而表现出有义务的生.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究全基因组基因表达和替代拼接在Daphnia pulex中过渡到强制性代过程中.
- 确定关键的基因和分子途径,涉及从循环 partenogenesis 转变到义务 partenogenesis.
- 了解遗传机制,区分 subitaneous 和休息卵产在强制性 parthenogenetic 达夫尼亚.
主要方法:
- 强制配种的多夫尼普莱克斯分离物的比较转录学.
- 在早期的亚体内和休息卵生产期间,对全基因组基因表达模式的分析.
- 不同基因表达和功能丰富分析.
主要成果:
- 在早期休息卵子生产过程中观察到的中变和细胞循环相关基因的下调.
- 在新陈代谢,生物合成和分卵子和休息卵生产之间的信号通路中发现了明显的表达模式.
- 识别参与生殖调节的候选基因,如CDC20.
结论:
- 达夫尼亚的过渡到强制性伴生包括基因表达的显著变化,特别是对休息卵形成的介质过程的下调.
- 不同的调节网络控制着在有义务的 partenogenetic 血统中生产不同类型的卵子.
- 这些发现为实验验证控制代进化的基因提供了基础.
相关概念视频
02:37Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.2K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.2K
01:53Bacterial Transcription
28.7K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
28.7K
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
2.5K
2.5K
02:18Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
5.4K
5.4K
00:43Bacterial RNA Polymerase
29.7K
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
29.7K
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
8.6K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
8.6K