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相关概念视频

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Regulation of Sodium and Potassium01:26

Regulation of Sodium and Potassium

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The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Immunological Characterization of cdc2 and wee1 Proteins during the Growth and Differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum.

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发展调节cAMP/CaCa的表征

Steven Pelech1, Harry Paddon1, Linda Kwong2

  • 1The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1W5.

Development, growth & differentiation
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
概括

在Dictyostelium discoideum中蛋白激酶活性在发育过程中增加,在特定阶段达到峰值. 这项研究确定了具有不同基质特异性和发育调节的不同激酶分数.

科学领域:

  • 细胞和分子生物学 细胞和分子生物学
  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 粘菌Dictyostelium discoideum经历了复杂的发育过程.
  • 蛋白质酸化在调节细胞功能和发育过渡过程中起着至关重要的作用.
  • 了解蛋白激酶的调节是解读发育途径的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 研究Dictyostelium discoideum中蛋白质酸化活动的发育调节.
  • 描述参与发育的关键蛋白激酶的特性和基质特异性.
  • 为了确定在发育过程中表现出活性显著变化的特定蛋白质激酶分数.

主要方法:

  • 对无细胞提取物进行对内源性蛋白质,海斯H1,素和髓基蛋白 (MBP) 的酸化活性的检测.
  • 使用CHAPS溶解颗粒相关激酶活性,并通过Sephacryl S-300染色学进行分离.
  • 使用DEAE-Sephacel和氨酸-氨酸染色学进行进一步分化,以表征酶特性.

主要成果:

  • 蛋白激酶对所有测试基质的活性在发育过程中增加,在聚合和伪菌阶段之间达到峰值.
  • 确定了两个主要的激酶分数 (300-400 kDa和~100 kDa),较大的分数显示出MBP和基因素H1活动的明显发育性增加.

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  • 大约100kDa的分量显示出氨酸激酶活性最显著的增加,与非发育调节的氨酸激酶2不同.
  • 观察到内源性Dictyostelium蛋白 (140和94kDa) 的体外酸化增加,并与提升的激酶活性并行.

    • 结论:

    • 在Dictyostelium discoideum中,蛋白激酶活性在发育上受到调节,不同的部分表现出特定的基质偏好和发育特征.
    • 鉴定到的激酶分数很可能参与调解关键的发育过渡.
    • 这些激酶的进一步表征将为控制Dictyostelium发育的分子机制提供洞察力.