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相关概念视频

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Calcium Channel Blockers01:18

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Calcium Channel Blockers

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Calcium ions are essential to contract smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. They enter these cells through voltage-dependent calcium channels, specifically L-type calcium channels in the cell membrane. These L-type calcium channels are integral to the excitation-contraction coupling process in smooth muscle. When a stimulus is received by smooth muscle cells, their membrane depolarizes. This alteration in membrane potential instigates the opening of L-type calcium channels. As a result,...
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Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading TED
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在Ca的作用.

Noburu Sensui1, Masaaki Morisawa1

  • 1Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 1024 Koajiro, Misaki, Miura 238-02, Japan.

Development, growth & differentiation
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
概括

虫卵中的受精涉及连续的 (Ca2+) 增加,这对于皮层变形和极体挤出至关重要. 细胞内Ca2+支持早期事件,而细胞外Ca2+对后期阶段至关重要.

科学领域:

  • 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 细胞生理学 细胞生理学

背景情况:

  • 皮层变形和极体挤出是卵受精过程中的关键事件.
  • 了解细胞内和细胞外的作用对于破译这些过程至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查Ciona savignyi受精期间细胞内Ca2+度 ([Ca2+ ]i) 动态的作用.
  • 确定细胞内和细胞外Ca2+在皮层变形和极体挤出中的特定作用.

主要方法:

  • 在受精期间使用成像来监测细胞内Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i) 水平.
  • 在没有Ca2+的人造海水中受精卵,以评估细胞外Ca2+需求.
  • 通过注入低Ca2+缓冲器来操纵细胞内Ca2+水平.
  • 通过注射不同的Ca2+度来诱导卵子事件.

主要成果:

  • 主要的Ca2+峰值和早期的Ca2+峰值 (第一个峰值) 发生在卵子变形期间和第一次极体挤出之前.
  • 在极体挤出之间,需要细胞外的Ca2+用于后来的Ca2+尖峰 (第二尖峰).
  • 低细胞内Ca2+抑制了受精事件,而特定的Ca2+度诱导了变形和极体挤出.
关键词:
在Ca2+注射中.在阿斯基迪亚的蛋.蛋蛋变形的情况介质的划分 介质的划分极体挤出 极体挤出

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结论:

  • 细胞内Ca2+的连续增加对于卵变形和极体挤出至关重要.
  • 不同的Ca2+来源 (细胞内和细胞外) 调节受精的不同阶段.
  • 虫卵在第二个介质转移阶段表现出潜在的停滞,可通过Ca2+操纵来诱导.