两种森林食肉动物之间的相互竞争推动了饮食专业化
Matthew M Smith1, John D Erb2, Jonathan N Pauli1
1Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
The Journal of animal ecology
|June 7, 2023
概括
渔民 (Pekania pennanti) 和马丁 (Martes spp.) 之间的竞争 影响他们的饮食. 即使是占主导地位的渔民也会在下属马丁存在时调整他们的食以包括较小的猎物,突出了被忽视的剥削竞争动态.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 野生动物保护 野生动物保护
背景情况:
- 跨物种竞争是社区结构的关键驱动力,特别是在食肉动物中,体型影响主导地位和干扰竞争.
- 剥削性竞争,下属物种为主导物种限制资源,在食肉动物动态中经常被忽视.
- 鱼 (Pekania pennanti) 和马丁鱼 (Martes spp.) 它们的鱼类. 是相关的森林食肉动物,它们的饮食和息地使用重叠,在体型上有很大的差异,导致强烈的物种间竞争.
研究的目的:
- 调查渔民和马丁之间的干扰和剥削竞争如何影响他们的食利基重叠和食策略.
- 了解下属竞争对手在塑造主导竞争对手的饮食利基中的作用.
- 评估环境因素对这两种肉食动物物种个体饮食专业化的影响.
主要方法:
- 稳定同位素分析 (δ13C和δ15N) 的渔夫和马组织推断饮食.
- 对食物品的分析,以量化猎物的组成.
- 在与竞争对手的存在和环境变量相关的个人饮食专业化的建模.
主要成果:
- 在渔民和马丁的一般同位素 (δ-space) 中观察到很高的重叠,但在它们的核心饮食比例中没有.
- 当竞争对手缺席或稀少时,这两种物种都会消耗更多体型较小的猎物.
- 主导的渔民在下属鱼缺席时,从专注于更大的猎物转向更小的猎物,展示了利基塑性.
- 环境因素,如土地覆盖的多样性,猎物的丰富性和植被的生产力影响了个体饮食的专业化.
结论:
- 尽管有明确的统治地位等级,但渔民在对马的存在做出反应时表现出显著的饮食灵活性,突出了剥削性竞争的重要性.
- 附属竞争对手可以对主导物种的食行为和食利基产生相当大的影响.
- 了解这些复杂的竞争互动对于有效的野生动物管理和森林食肉动物社区的保护至关重要.
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