在COVID-19大流行期间实施预防性疫苗接种计划 - - 单中心研究
Marek Wojczyk1, Marcelina Potocka2
1Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice.
Przeglad epidemiologiczny
|June 7, 2023
概括
COVID-19大流行并没有显著影响儿童疫苗接种率,除了2020年19岁儿童的显著下降. 然而,在2021年年轻儿童中,拒绝接种疫苗的情况有所增加.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 随着COVID-19大流行,日常医疗保健,包括儿童疫苗接种计划也受到影响.
- 评估疫情对疫苗接种范围的影响对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
- 初级卫生保健诊所在实施国家免疫计划方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间评估选择的儿童疫苗接种的实施情况.
- 分析波兰克拉科夫一家初级保健机构的疫苗接种覆盖率趋势.
- 为了确定不同儿科年龄组的疫苗接种情况的任何显著变化.
主要方法:
- 从波兰克拉科夫的一家初级保健诊所获得的二次数据的回顾性分析.
- 包括1982名0-19岁儿童,数据来自2019年,2020年和2021年.
- 使用MZ-54报告和统计测试,分析了白喉,破伤风,百日咳,麻疹,疹,红疹,流感和肺炎球菌感染的疫苗接种覆盖率.
主要成果:
- 两岁儿童的整体疫苗接种情况没有显著变化 (p=0.156),完全疫苗接种率从77.6% (2019) 增加到85.2% (2021).
- 在2岁和3岁的儿童中,喉,破伤风,百日咳 (DTP) 和麻疹,疹,红疹 (MMR) 疫苗接种覆盖率显著增加 (p<0.05).
- 与2019年 (74.6%) 和2021年 (81%) 相比,在2020年 (19岁) 的人群中,疫苗接种覆盖率显著下降 (58%). 在5岁以下的儿童中,流感疫苗接种率仍低于2%.
结论:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间的卫生限制对大多数分析的儿科年龄组的疫苗接种情况没有显著影响.
- 19岁的年龄组是一个例外,在2020年疫苗接种覆盖率显著下降.
- 在2021年观察到,拒绝接种疫苗的情况有所增加,在最年轻的患者中达到4.1%.
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