精子介导的父性影响在三脊背动物中的特异性
Eunice Chen1, Christian Zielinski1, Jack Deno1
1Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology
|June 7, 2023
概括
父母暴露在掠食者面前,使得棘鱼的后代能够识别本地威胁. 然而,暴露于非掠食性刺激并不能增强后代对这些特定挑战的反应.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 父母的影响可以影响后代适应环境挑战.
- 对于不同类型的环境压力因素的父母影响的特异性尚未得到充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查父亲暴露于不同的刺激 (网,皮捕食者,控制) 诱导了三脊子后代的特定或一般反应.
- 为了确定父母的暴露是否会让后代识别特定的威胁,或者这些反应是否是天生的.
主要方法:
- 三条脊柱的父亲被暴露在一个网,一个,或一个控制条件下.
- 然后,每个父亲治疗组的后代都暴露于模拟的掠食者攻击 (网络,雕刻板,鱼模型).
- 测量后代的活动水平和反掠食者行为.
主要成果:
- 暴露于sculpin的父亲的后代对sculpin捕食者的反应增加了.
- 暴露在网络中的父亲的后代表现出减少了反掠食者行为和改变了应激反应.
- 父亲的治疗没有影响后代对特定刺激的反应;后代通常更容易对本地皮捕食者做出反应.
结论:
- 父母暴露于生态相关的压力因素 (捕食者) 可以诱导后代的特定适应反应.
- 暴露于非生态相关的压力因素可能会产生一般性影响,不会使后代面临特定威胁.
- 鱼具有与生俱来的对本地捕食者的识别能力,独立于父亲的接触.
- 跨代的可塑性可以是捕食者特定的,影响对环境变化的反应,如非本地捕食者.
相关概念视频
01:06Fixed Action Patterns
16.1K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
16.1K
01:11Testing a Claim about Mean: Known Population SD
2.8K
A complete procedure of testing the hypothesis about a population mean is explained here.
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be distributed normally. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. The sample size needed to be higher than 30, and most importantly, the population standard deviation should be already known.
In most realistic situations, the population standard deviation is often unknown, but in rare circumstances, when it...
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be distributed normally. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. The sample size needed to be higher than 30, and most importantly, the population standard deviation should be already known.
In most realistic situations, the population standard deviation is often unknown, but in rare circumstances, when it...
2.8K
01:41Spermatogenesis
102.7K
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
102.7K
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.6K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.6K
02:16Genetics of Speciation
19.4K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
19.4K