经资金测试的安全网计划和西班牙裔家庭:来自医疗补助,SNAP和WIC的证据
Marianne Bitler1, Lisa A Genetian2, Christina Gibson-Davis2
1University of California, Davis.
概括
反移民政策减少了西班牙裔家庭参与补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 和医疗补助. 然而,妇女,婴儿和儿童特殊补充营养计划 (WIC) 的参与率更高,特别是移民母亲.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
背景情况:
- 从历史上看,西班牙裔家庭与高贫困的同龄人相比,使用不足资金测试援助.
- 反移民情绪和政策可能会成为节目访问的障碍.
- 了解参与差异对于公平的资源分配至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查西班牙裔儿童参与反贫困计划 (SNAP,医疗补助,WIC) 的情况.
- 分析父母国籍和州级移民限制对计划采用的影响.
- 调查西班牙裔母亲和婴儿在计划参与中的诞生作用.
主要方法:
- 分析了三个主要的反贫困计划中西班牙裔儿童的参与数据.
- 参与的分层根据孩子的年龄和父母的公民身份状况.
- 计划参与率与国家特定的移民专注政策和限制的相关性.
主要成果:
- 具有公民父母的西班牙裔公民儿童在SNAP和医疗补助计划中的参与率高于非公民父母的儿童.
- 出生在国外的西班牙裔母亲的医疗补助使用率低于基于社会经济地位的预期.
- 与美国出生的母亲相比,外国出生的西班牙裔母亲参与WIC的比例更高,出生地变化较小.
- 限制移民计划获取的州政策与SNAP和医疗补助计划在外国出生的西班牙裔母亲的公民儿童中减少.
结论:
- 父母的公民身份和国家限制性政策对西班牙裔家庭的SNAP和医疗补助参与有重大影响.
- 由于WIC的更高和更不受限制的可访问性,可能是由于其交付模式,可能会解释其不同的参与模式.
- 需要有针对性的干预和政策改革,以解决参与障碍,并确保西班牙裔社区平等获得必要的反贫困计划.
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