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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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神经退行:2022年更新:神经退行

John F Crary1

  • 1Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Department of Pathology, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

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概括

本综述强调了神经退行性疾病中具有影响力的神经病理学研究,重点关注细胞病理学和各种实验方法. 关键发现包括对衰老,阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的洞察力,以及新出现的与COVID-19的联系.

关键词:
衰老的衰老 衰老的衰老阿尔茨海默氏症是阿尔茨海默氏症的疾病亨廷顿病是亨廷顿氏病的一种疾病.微质细胞中的微质细胞神经退行发生神经退行.神经病理学神经病理学这是一种TDP-43蛋白质病变.病症是一种病症.创伤性脑损伤是一种创伤性脑损伤.α-synucleinopathy是一种α-synucleinopathy,即α-synucleinopathy,一种α-synucleinopathy,一种α-synucleinopathy,一种α-synucleinopathy,一种α-synucleinopathy,一种α-synucleinopathy,一种α-synucleinopathy,一种α-synucleinopathy.

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科学领域:

  • 神经病理学神经病理学
  • 神经退行性疾病 神经退行性疾病
  • 组织病理学 组织病理学

背景情况:

  • 神经退行性疾病研究的最新进展是广泛的.
  • 专注于与实验和诊断神经病理学相关的组织病理学研究.
  • 努力平衡疾病类别和实验方法,以获得全面的概述.

研究的目的:

  • 审查最近有影响力的手稿和神经退行神经病理学研究趋势.
  • 为各种研究和实验方法提供平衡的视角.
  • 为了展示各种神经退行性疾病的进展.

主要方法:

  • 在衰老过程中对缩性微质细胞的立体研究.
  • 关于初级年龄相关病的大型遗传研究.
  • 神经病理学标准和慢性创伤性脑病变的分期.
  • 在TDP-43蛋白质病变中研究TMEM106B的遗传研究.
  • 阿尔茨海默病的分子亚型.
  • 在认知障碍中对VEGF家族的研究.
  • 在帕金森病中,骨髓状细胞的基因表达概况.
  • 亨廷顿病中中枢神经系统发育形的解剖系列.
  • 开发一个用于评估Lewy体病理学的系统.
  • 审查COVID-19和神经退行之间潜在的长期联系.

主要成果:

  • 洞察老化微质细胞,与年龄相关的病和阿尔茨海默病.
  • 慢性创伤性脑病变阶段的进展.
  • TMEM106B和TDP-43蛋白质病变之间的新兴联系.
  • 对阿尔茨海默病亚型的分子洞察力.
  • 关于VEGF在认知障碍中的证据.
  • 对帕金森病的潜在生物标志物和机制性见解.
  • 亨廷顿病中中枢神经系统形的频率增加.
  • 关于莱维体病理学评估的拟议系统.
  • 关于COVID-19和神经退行症的持续担忧.

结论:

  • 审查的研究代表了神经退行性疾病的重大进展.
  • 组织病理学和遗传学方法对于理解这些疾病至关重要.
  • 需要进一步的研究来阐明复杂的机制和潜在的长期影响,包括与COVID-19有关的影响.