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相关概念视频

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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神经瘤学:2021年更新

Pieter Wesseling1,2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Free neuropathology
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
概括

2020年神经瘤病理学发现包括对质瘤分子特征,脑瘤微环境 (TME) 和中枢神经系统瘤诊断的新见解. 进展还涵盖遗传综合征,脑髓母细胞瘤和瘤微生物群.

科学领域:

  • 神经瘤病理学的病理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 临床神经瘤学 临床神经瘤学

背景情况:

  • 2020年,我们在了解脑瘤方面取得了重大进展.
  • 其重点领域包括分子病理学,瘤免疫学和诊断.

研究的目的:

  • 从2020年开始,突出介绍神经瘤病理学的前十大发现.
  • 提供与神经瘤病理学相关的神经科学和临床神经瘤学的重要研究的概述.

主要方法:

  • 从2020年开始,审查和选择10个关键出版物.
  • 根据分子特征,瘤微环境,诊断和遗传倾向对发现进行分类.

主要成果:

  • 对各种质瘤类型 (IDH突变,儿科,婴儿类型,高突变) 的新分子见解.
  • 了解脑瘤微环境 (TME) 的进展及其对模型的影响.
  • 中枢神经系统 (CNS) 瘤液体活检的进展以及微生物组的作用.
  • 鉴定与脑髓母细胞瘤相关的新遗传综合征.

结论:

  • 2020年在神经瘤病理学方面取得了重大进展.
关键词:
大脑瘤是什么?在 COVID-19 疫情中,质瘤是一种质瘤.中枢细胞瘤 (Medulloblastoma) 是一个分子诊断学 分子诊断学瘤微环境是一个微环境.

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  • 对分子和免疫学方面的持续研究对于推进脑瘤治疗至关重要.
  • 液体活检和微生物组分析等新兴技术提供了新的诊断途径.