确认性别的护理,监禁和第八修正案.
Jennifer Aldrich1, Jessica Kant2, Eric Gramszlo3
1Professor of clinical medicine at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
AMA journal of ethics
|June 7, 2023
概括
监禁人员有宪法赋予的权利获得适当的医疗保健,包括性别确认的护理. 法律挑战正在扩大跨性别者在惩戒设施中获得必要的医疗干预的机会.
科学领域:
- 宪法 宪法 宪法 宪法 宪法
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 第八修正案规定对被监禁人员提供适当的护理,但对"可接受"护理的定义往往与外部专业标准相冲突.
- 拒绝给囚犯提供标准的医疗护理违反了宪法禁止残酷和不寻常的惩罚.
- 越来越多的跨性别健康证据导致采取法律行动,以改善监狱环境中的护理机会.
研究的目的:
- 分析对被监禁的跨性别者提供医疗保健的法律和道德格局.
- 检查宪法护理标准与外部专业指南之间的差异.
- 倡导向专业监督转变,在惩戒设施提供性别肯定护理.
主要方法:
- 法律案例分析 (埃斯特尔诉博,1976年).
- 审查变化的基于证据的标准在跨性别医疗保健.
- 检查患者倡导和诉讼趋势,涉及被监禁人员的健康权利.
主要成果:
- 诉讼对扩大被监禁的跨性别者获得心理和一般健康服务,包括荷尔蒙和手术治疗的机会起到了重要作用.
- 第八修正案规定的护理与通常在监狱机构提供的护理之间存在着持续的差距.
- 法律框架支持扩大基于不断发展的医学证据的性别肯定护理.
结论:
- 监狱机构必须超越行政控制,以获得许可的专业监督以以患者为中心,性别确认的护理.
- 确保宪法护理标准需要将惩戒医疗与当前医疗最佳实践保持一致.
- 法律先例强调了为被监禁人口提供综合医疗保健的必要性,包括性别肯定干预措施.
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