有机,无机和纳米颗粒重复口服的毒性:一篇综述
Niels Hadrup1, Gitte Ravn-Haren2
1The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Denmark; Research group for risk-benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
概括
确定安全的摄入量至关重要. 毒性可发生在剂量低至2-3μg/kg体重/天,影响各种器官,增加死亡风险.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 是必不可少的微量元素,但高于必不可少的剂量可能导致毒性.
- 了解剂量反应关系对于公共卫生和安全指南至关重要.
- 以前的研究已经确定了与摄入量增加相关的各种不良影响.
研究的目的:
- 对的毒理学数据进行审查和整合.
- 为了确定不同形式和物种的毒性剂量描述器.
- 为了更清楚地了解的最低可观测不良影响水平 (LOAEL) 和无可观测不良影响水平 (NOAEL).
主要方法:
- 在文献中搜索关于重复剂量的研究.
- 从相关的毒理学研究中提取剂量描述和报告的终点.
- 排除基因毒性和致癌性数据,以专注于其他不良影响.
主要成果:
- 分析了有机和无机形式,包括甲,,,,酸和纳米粒子.
- 人类毒性迹象包括大气息,脱发和指甲变化.
- 一项人类研究表明,大约4.3μg/kg bw/day (LOAEL) 和2.9μg/kg bw/day (NOAEL) 的死亡率增加.
- 动物研究显示肝毒性 (NOAEL低至2μg/kg bw/day),胃肠道,心血管和生殖毒性在不同的NOAEL.
- 在一项人类研究中,观察到2型糖尿病的风险增加为~2.9μg/kg bw/day,尽管并非始终观察到.
结论:
- 毒性的剂量描述指标可以低至2-3μg/kg体重/天.
- 这些低水平的毒性值强调了仔细监测摄入量的重要性.
- 可能需要进一步的研究,以充分阐明慢性低剂量暴露的长期影响.
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