目标-干扰器相关性并不意味着造成Stroop效应
Giacomo Spinelli1, Stephen J Lupker2
1Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
概括
在Stroop任务中的目标-干扰器相关性不会显著影响Stroop效应. 我们的发现挑战了理论,这些理论表明相关性影响了Stroop实验中的色词注意力分配.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 实验心理学 实验心理学
背景情况:
- 斯特鲁普任务经常使用相关的刺激 (颜色和单词),其中一致的项目比不一致的更频繁.
- 一些理论认为,这种相关性增加了人们对字面维度的关注,从而放大了Stroop效应.
- 然而,相关性往往与一致性比例混,使其难以分离其具体作用.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查目标-干扰器相关性,是否独立于一致性比例,影响Stroop效应.
- 测试假设由于相关性而引起的注意力增加是Stroop效应的一个关键因素.
- 在Stroop任务中对注意力分配的相关性与一致性比例的影响进行区分.
主要方法:
- 通过使用色词Stroop任务进行了四次实验.
- 对比相关的刺激清单与非相关的清单,仔细匹配对等比率和其他相关变量.
- 采用了零假设显著性测试和贝叶斯分析来评估Stroop效应.
主要成果:
- 在相关和非相关的刺激清单之间没有发现Stroop效应的显著差异.
- 两种统计方法 (NHST和贝叶斯) 在列表类型中都显示了相当的Stroop效应.
- 结果不支持目标-干扰因子相关性本质上改变了注意力分配的想法.
结论:
- 目标-干扰器相关性似乎在色词Stroop效应中没有发挥主要作用.
- 在Stroop任务中注意力分配很可能不会被刺激相关调节,当对等比例受到控制时.
- 这些发现挑战了现有的说法,这些说法强调了相关性在驱动Stroop效应中的作用.
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