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模拟大陆在游泳中的表现
I Yustres Amores1, J Santos Del Cerro2, F González-Mohíno3,4
1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.
Frontiers in physiology
|June 8, 2023
概括
早期的游泳专业化,定义为在高级赛事之前参加初级世界锦标赛,导致在大多数大陆的高级世界锦标赛中表现更好. 这表明,早期人才培养对于国际游泳成功至关重要,但在美洲有例外.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人才识别 人才识别
- 游泳表现分析 游泳表现分析
背景情况:
- 人们对预测有才华的运动员在国际赛事中的表现越来越感兴趣.
- 人才识别计划旨在选择和发展体育人才.
- 关于游泳世界锦标赛成功受到大陆和早期专业化的影响的有限研究.
研究的目的:
- 分析早期专业化对游泳表现进展的影响.
- 根据大陆分组的国家的绩效模型进行比较.
- 研究早期专业化对世界锦标赛结果的影响.
主要方法:
- 通过国际游泳联合会 (FINA) 使用了来自青年和高级世界锦标赛 (2006-2017) 的数据.
- 采用了单向ANOVA,ANCOVA和回归模型.
- 检查了类别 (初级与高级),年龄,最佳z分,经验和大陆对表现的影响.
主要成果:
- 在初级和高级类别之间表现的显著差异 (p < 0.01),初级参与者表现更好,除了美国.
- 安科瓦发现,表现差异在年轻年龄段最大,在所有大陆都青初级类别.
- 运动员的经验被认为是整体表现的重要因素.
结论:
- 具有先前初级世界锦标赛经验的游泳者在高级世界锦标赛中比直接进入的游泳者取得了更好的表现.
- 早期专业化是改善全球高级世界锦标赛成绩的关键因素,除美洲以外.
- 调查结果强调了结构化的初级发展途径对于精英游泳成功的重要性.
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