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更新Know Your Chances网站以包括吸烟身份作为死亡率估计的风险因素
Steven Woloshin1,2, Victoria Landsman3, Daniel G Miller4
1Center for Medicine and the Media, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
JAMA network open
|June 8, 2023
概括
吸烟状态显著影响死亡风险,这对准确的健康决策至关重要. 忽视吸烟导致吸烟者的风险被低估,而非吸烟者的风险被高估.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
背景情况:
- 准确的健康风险评估需要了解威胁的规模和背景.
- 传统的风险因素,如年龄,性别和种族经常被考虑,但吸烟状态,一个主要的死亡率决定因素,经常被忽视.
研究的目的:
- 更新国家癌症研究所的"了解你的机会"网站,以按吸烟状况分层的死亡率估计.
- 为各种死亡原因和全因死亡率,以及年龄,性别和种族提供全面的死亡数据.
主要方法:
- 一个使用生命表方法和DevCan软件包的队列研究.
- 来自多项美国人口大规模研究的综合数据,包括生命统计和健康调查.
- 数据收集时间从2009年1月到2018年12月,分析时间从2019年8月到2023年2月.
主要成果:
- 对954,029名55岁以上的个人进行的分析显示,因吸烟状况而导致的死亡率存在显著差异.
- 对于从未吸烟的人来说,冠心病是50岁后死亡的主要原因.
- 当前吸烟者面临的肺癌死亡风险几乎与冠心病一样高,并且在40岁以上的女性中明显高于乳腺癌.
结论:
- 将吸烟状况纳入死亡率估计,可以提供更准确的风险概况.
- 没有考虑吸烟状况导致低估吸烟者的风险,高估非吸烟者的风险.
- 更新的"了解你的机会"网站提供了关键的,特定于背景的死亡率数据,用于明智的健康决策.
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