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监测追踪消除脊髓灰质炎的进展 - 全球,2021-2022年
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|June 8, 2023
概括
全球消除脊髓灰质炎的努力面临着野生1型脊髓灰质炎病毒和疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒爆发的挑战. 2021-2022年改善的监测显示有进展,但地方差距仍然存在,强调需要持续监测以阻止脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 全球脊髓灰质炎根除倡议已显著减少野生脊髓灰质炎病毒 (WPV) 病例,但WPV1型 (WPV1) 仍然在阿富汗和巴基斯坦流行.
- 国际WPV1传播和在42个国家传播的疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒 (cVDPV) 爆发突显了当前的挑战.
- 基于急性性 (AFP) 和环境监测的脊髓灰质炎监测受到COVID-19大流行的影响,但在2021年表现出改善.
研究的目的:
- 在2021-2022年期间评估和报告34个优先国家的脊髓灰质炎监测系统的表现.
- 确定急性性 (AFP) 和环境监测中发现脊髓灰质炎病毒的进展和持续的差距.
- 强调高质量的监测在实现脊髓灰质炎根除方面发挥的关键作用.
主要方法:
- 分析2021年和2022年34个优先国家的急性性 (AFP) 国家和地方监测绩效指标.
- 监测优先国家污水样本中脊髓灰质炎病毒环境监测的扩展和地点数量.
- 审查WPV1和cVDPV病例数据和遗传联系信息.
主要成果:
- 在2022年,76.5%的优先国家实现了国家AFP监测目标,比2021年的70.6%增加,尽管地方差距仍然存在.
- 环境监测显著扩大,到2022年在优先国家有725个地点,比2021年增加了31.1%.
- 尽管取得了进展,但WPV1和cVDPV的持续传播强调了需要强有力的和全面的监测.
结论:
- 优先国家的脊髓灰质炎监测绩效有所改善,但需要持续努力来解决地方监测差距.
- 扩大环境监测是对补充AFP监测的积极发展.
- 高质量的,持续监测的监测系统对于及时检测小儿麻症病毒和根除的最终目标至关重要.
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