1996年至2019年间,奥林匹克周期在女子长跳和三跳比赛中的周期性
1Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
PloS one
|June 8, 2023
概括
奥运会周期性影响精英女子长跳和三跳的表现,奥运会后的年份显著下降. 这种模式表明,比赛安排与这些赛事中的体育成绩之间存在联系.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 田径运动绩效分析分析
背景情况:
- 运动员的表现会表现出随机因素,环境以及运动员的身体,精神和技术状态所影响的变化.
- 之前的研究表明,表现周期与季节性赛程和田径运动的奥运会周期保持一致.
- 现代精英水平跳的奥林匹克周期性存在需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查现代精英男子和女子长跳和三跳比赛中奥林匹克周期周期的存在.
- 为了比较性别之间的表现趋势以及奥运周期内的不同表现等级.
主要方法:
- 从1996年到2019年,分析了男士和女士在长跳和三跳中每年表现最好的50项表现.
- 每项表现相对于前一个奥林匹克年度的最佳成绩的规范化.
- 使用双向ANOVA进行统计分析,以识别显著的性能变化.
主要成果:
- 与精英男性相比,精英女性的平均正常化表现在长跳和三跳中都明显较低.
- 精英女子在奥林匹克年之后的一年,在两种跳跃方面表现下降了正常化.
- 在排名较低的女运动员中观察到类似的周期性模式,特别是在三重跳中.
结论:
- 研究结果表明,奥林匹克周期的周期性显著影响了精英女子在长跳和三跳中的表现.
- 在奥运会后的一年观察到的表现下降凸显了比赛周期对女运动员的潜在影响.
- 该研究提供了与奥林匹克周期相关的精英女子水平跳跃表现结构化模式的证据.
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