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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Construction of a Compact Low-Cost Radiation Shield for Air-Temperature Sensors in Ecological Field Studies
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Published on: November 6, 2018

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南大西洋异常对在太阳最小值期间飞行高度的辐射暴露的影响

Matthias M Meier1, Thomas Berger2, Thomas Jahn3

  • 1German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Cologne, Germany. matthias.meier@dlr.de.

Scientific reports
|June 8, 2023
PubMed
概括

南大西洋异常不会增加飞机的辐射暴露. 综合的飞行测量证实,该地区的民用航空没有额外的辐射风险.

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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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