太空飞行经验对人类大脑结构的影响
Heather R McGregor1, Kathleen E Hupfeld1,2, Ofer Pasternak3
1Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Scientific reports
|June 8, 2023
概括
宇航员大脑的变化,包括心室扩张,与更长的太空任务和航班间更短的恢复时间有关. 不到三年的恢复期可能会限制大脑适应太空飞行的能力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 太空医学 太空医学
- 人体生理学 人体生理学
背景情况:
- 太空飞行会导致人类大脑结构的显著改变.
- 任务持续时间和先前太空飞行经验对这些变化的影响仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查任务持续时间和宇航员经验如何影响太空飞行引起的大脑形态变化.
- 量化灰质,白质,自由水和心室体积的变化.
主要方法:
- 对大脑灰质体积,白质微观结构和细胞外自由水 (FW) 分布的 Voxelwise 分析.
- 在30名宇航员中,从飞行前到飞行后测量心室体积.
- 大脑变化与任务持续时间和任务间隔的相关性.
主要成果:
- 较长的任务与侧腔和第三心室的扩张相关,主要是在前六个月内.
- 长时间的任务间隔 (超过3年) 与飞行后更大的心室扩张有关.
- 任务间隔不到3年的宇航员表现出最小的心室扩大.
结论:
- 大脑中的心室扩张随着太空任务持续时间的增加而继续.
- 任务间隔短于3年可能会阻碍大脑适应能力的完全恢复.
- 这些发现表明,在长时间或重复太空飞行期间,人类大脑适应的潜在限制.
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