截至2022年12月,临床管道中的抗生素
Mark S Butler1, Ian R Henderson2, Robert J Capon2
1Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia. m.butler5@uq.edu.au.
The Journal of antibiotics
|June 8, 2023
概括
新的抗菌药物开发显示出更多早期候选药物的前景,特别是针对格拉姆阴性感染. 然而,自2020年以来的低批准率凸显了持续研发资金的需要.
科学领域:
- 药理学和传染病的研究
- 药物发现和开发 药物发现和开发
- 抗微生物耐药性 抗微生物耐药性
背景情况:
- 全球越来越多的抗药性细菌感染需要新的抗菌疗法.
- 现有的资金和政策倡议旨在振兴抗菌药物研发 (R&D).
- 系统分析对于评估这些研发计划的实际影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从2022年12月开始,系统地审查和分析临床开发中的抗菌药物.
- 评估抗菌研发的进展和挑战,重点关注临床管道和药物批准.
- 确定新型抗菌药和点的趋势,特别是对格拉姆阴性细菌.
主要方法:
- 对临床开发中的抗菌剂进行系统审查.
- 分析2020年至2022年期间的药物批准情况.
- 根据类型对抗菌剂的分类 (直接作用的,非传统的,β-乳酸/β-乳酸酶抑制剂).
主要成果:
- 截至2022年12月,有47种直接作用的抗菌药物,5种非传统的小分子抗菌药物和10种β-乳酸/β-乳酸酶抑制剂组合正在临床开发中.
- 在2020年至2022年期间,推出了三种抗菌药物.
- 观察到早期临床候选药物的增加,26个I期候选药物中的18个针对了氏阴性细菌.
- 从2020年到2022年,首次批准药物的数量很低.
结论:
- 早期的抗菌管道显示出令人鼓舞的增长,特别是针对格拉姆阴性感染的新型药物.
- 较低的晚期进展率和药物批准率表明,抗菌药物研发方面存在持续的挑战.
- 持续的资金和应对后期管道消耗的战略对于打击抗菌素耐药性至关重要.
相关概念视频
00:57Antibiotic Selection
54.8K
Overview
54.8K
01:30Development of Antibiotic Resistance
50
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
50
01:29Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
73
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
73
01:27Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism
4.1K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Such synergistic combinations...
4.1K
01:28Antimicrobial Effectiveness
98
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
98
01:30Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
16
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
16