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相关概念视频

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:46

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal cells...
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Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

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The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

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Overview
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C
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scGHOST:识别单细胞3D基因组子组件

Kyle Xiong1, Ruochi Zhang1, Jian Ma1

  • 1Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

新的计算方法scGhost允许使用单细胞Hi-C数据对单细胞3D基因组子组进行注释. 这促进了对基因组组织变异性及其与跨个细胞基因表达的联系的理解.

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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 计算生物学 计算生物学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 单细胞Hi-C (scHi-C) 技术允许在单细胞水平上研究3D基因组组织变异性.
  • 现有的计算方法分析了A/B区和染色素循环等特征,但缺乏单细胞子区的注释.
  • 小区提供了对大规模染色体空间组织的精细视图,这对于理解细胞功能至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 介绍scGhost,一种用于注释单细胞3D基因组子组的新型计算方法.
  • 为了证明scGhost在分析scHi-C和3D基因组成像数据中的有效性.
  • 探索细胞间的变异性和核子组件的功能影响.

主要方法:

  • scGhost使用图形嵌入与受约束的随机步行采样用于分区注释.
  • 该方法适用于scHi-C和单细胞3D基因组成像数据集.
  • 分析涉及人类前额叶皮层scHi-C数据,以将子组与基因表达联系起来.

主要成果:

  • scGhost可靠地从scHi-C数据中识别单细胞子组件.
  • 该方法为核子分组的细胞间变异性提供了新的见解.
  • 由scGhost识别的细胞类型特定的子组显示与细胞类型特定的基因表达模式有很强的相关性.

结论:

  • scGhost提供了一种有效的新工具,用于从scHi-C数据中注释单细胞3D基因组子组.
  • 该方法提供了关于在单细胞水平上分区组织的功能影响的见解.
  • scGhost适用于研究基因组组织的各种生物背景.