模仿青中意外的颜色模式变化:对该科的警告信号多样化的影响
Ugo Lorioux-Chevalier1, Mario Tuanama Valles2, Stephanie Gallusser2
1LEEISA, UAR 3456, Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, Cayenne, France.
Royal Society open science
|June 9, 2023
概括
捕食者通常在猎物中发出统一的警告信号,但毒青表现出令人惊的变化. 模仿和信号变化是反向相关的,颜色是避免捕食者的关键.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 动物颜色动物的颜色.
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 由于掠食压力,捕食物种的异体 (警告) 颜色通常预计将是均的.
- 然而,地理上结构化的异体动物种群经常表现出明显的警告信号和模仿行为.
- 在警告信号中,对统一性,模仿性和局部适应性的选择之间的相互作用仍然是复杂的.
研究的目的:
- 研究同情毒青物种 (Ranitomeya) 中警告信号的表型变异.
- 测试关于这些物种信号变化和模仿趋同的理论预测.
- 为了确定色彩与图案在避免捕食者的相对重要性.
主要方法:
- 实地观测和有关毒青种群的数据收集.
- 对警告色彩和图案的表型变异的分析.
- 信号变化和模仿融合之间的统计相关性分析.
主要成果:
- 警告信号的变化和模仿趋同都是高度可变的,并且在不同地区之间具有负相关性.
- 具有高信号变异性的地区没有表现出模仿性,而具有固定的表型的地区表现出完美的模仿性.
- 颜色是最不变的特征,这表明在避免捕食者方面,颜色比模式更重要.
- 警告信号的局域内变化始终存在,并且经常在人口之间重叠,表明持续的变化.
结论:
- 异体物种的警告信号演变比简单的统一性更复杂,具有显著的局部变异.
- 变异性和模仿性之间的负相关性表明不同位置的不同进化路径或选择性压力.
- 颜色似乎是捕食者识别和避免的更保守和关键元素,而不是模式.
- 持久的遗传变异和基础效应可能会导致毒青颜色模式的快速分歧,类似于其他本地适应的特征.
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