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相关概念视频

Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

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Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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The Angiosperm Life Cycle02:39

The Angiosperm Life Cycle

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Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
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Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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Folliculogenesis01:20

Folliculogenesis

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Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...
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Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana
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控制卵子发育在卵子发育中的控制.

Songlin Zhang1,2, Li Wang1,3, Jin Yao1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.

Horticulture research
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
概括

葡萄藤基因VvMADS28对于种子发育至关重要. 它的减少表达,与表观遗传变化相关,导致葡萄无种,影响卵子形态发生和细胞发育.

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Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
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In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana
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科学领域:

  • 植物分子生物学 植物分子生物学
  • 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 无种子葡萄是非常理想的,使种子开发成为一个关键的育种目标.
  • 了解控制卵子和种子发育的遗传和表观遗传因素对于葡萄育种至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究葡萄藤MADS盒基因VvMADS28在卵子和种子发育中的作用.
  • 阐明VvMADS28表达背后的调节机制及其对种子形成的影响.

主要方法:

  • 在种子和无种子葡萄品种中进行基因表达分析 (mRNA积累).
  • 在VvMADS28促销器区域进行质子修饰分析 (H3K27me3).
  • 葡萄中的基因沉默的RNA干扰 (RNAi).
  • 转基因番茄中的异质基因表达.
  • 基于酵母的蛋白质相互作用测试.
  • 用DNA亲和力净化测序 (DAP-seq) 来识别基因标.

主要成果:

  • VvMADS28在种子葡萄的卵子中表达很高,但在无种子葡萄中表达较弱,其中其促进物是三甲基化 (H3K27me3).
  • 在种子葡萄中抑制VvMADS28会抑制种子和果子的发育.
  • VvMADS28与VvMADS5相互作用,并由VvERF98.8进行调节.
  • VvMADS28与VvWUS基因的促进体结合,这表明它在维持种子发育的WUSCHEL表达方面发挥了作用.

结论:

  • VvMADS28在葡萄藤卵形态发生和种子发育中起着至关重要的作用.
  • 表观遗传调节,特别是H3K27me3,影响VvMADS28的表达,并导致无种子.
  • VvMADS28-VvMADS5二分体及其对VvWUS的调节是种子发育恒温的关键.