老年患者头癌的描述性流行病学
Gemma Gatta1, Riccardo Capocaccia2, Laura Botta1
1Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei tumori, Milan, Italy.
Frontiers in oncology
|June 9, 2023
概括
头部和部 (H和N) 癌症不成比例地影响老年人,发病率和死亡率随着年龄的增长而增加. 这项研究描述了老年人中的H和N癌症流行病学,突出了生存差异.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 老年病的医生 老年病的医生
背景情况:
- 头部和部 (H和N) 癌症在高收入国家构成重大健康负担,超过一半的新病例和更高比例的流行病例发生在65岁及以上的人群中.
- H和N癌症的发病率随着年龄的增长而上升,老年患者 (≥65岁) 与年轻人 (<65岁) 相比,存活率较低.
- 随着预期寿命的增加,全球范围内受H和N癌症影响的老年患者数量越来越多.
研究的目的:
- 提供头 (H和N) 癌症的综合流行病学描述,特别是在老年人群中.
- 分析老年人H和N癌症的全球和区域发病率,流行率和存活率数据.
- 确定老年人群中常见的H和N癌症类型和生存趋势.
主要方法:
- 利用全球癌症观测中心的发病率和流行率数据,以及欧洲生存统计数据的EUROCARE和RARECAREnet项目.
- 分析了2020年全球癌症诊断情况,重点关注65岁以上患者的病例比例.
- 在不同地区和瘤类型的老年人中检查了癌症部位分布和五年生存率.
主要成果:
- 2020年,全球诊断出超过90万例H和N癌症病例,其中约40%在65岁以上的人群中,高收入国家增加到50%.
- 喉和口腔癌在全球老年人中最常见,除了一些亚洲人群中,鼻癌占主导地位.
- 欧洲老年患者的H和N癌症的五年生存率很低,从22% (下) 到60% (唾液腺类型,喉),尽管一年后有条件的生存率有所改善.
结论:
- 在老年人中,H和N癌症的主要风险因素包括酒精和吸烟,这有助于全球发病率的变化.
- 老年人生存率较低可能与治疗复杂性,诊断延迟和获得专业护理的挑战有关.
- 需要进一步的研究和有针对性的干预措施来解决日益增长的负担,并改善老年H和N癌症患者的治疗结果.
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